ge
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ge"
English
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡe/
Declension
Declension of ge (inanimate, ending in vowel)
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | ge | gea | geak |
ergative | gek | geak | geek |
dative | geri | geari | geei |
genitive | geren | gearen | geen |
comitative | gerekin | gearekin | geekin |
causative | gerengatik | gearengatik | geengatik |
benefactive | gerentzat | gearentzat | geentzat |
instrumental | gez | geaz | geez |
inessive | getan | gean | geetan |
locative | getako | geko | geetako |
allative | getara | gera | geetara |
terminative | getaraino | geraino | geetaraino |
directive | getarantz | gerantz | geetarantz |
destinative | getarako | gerako | geetarako |
ablative | getatik | getik | geetatik |
partitive | gerik | — | — |
prolative | getzat | — | — |
Catalan
Cebuano
Dutch
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣə/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
ge
Usage notes
- See usage notes at gij
Inflection
Dutch personal pronouns
subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
plural | |||||||||
1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). |
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. |
Anagrams
East Central German
Etymology
Further reading
- Alte und neue Gedichte und Geschichten in erzgebirgischer Mundart, 12. Heft., P. 39
Emilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡe/
- Hyphenation: ge
Alternative forms
- Becomes g’ before a vowel (proclitic).
- A g’andám edmān. ― We go there tomorrow.
- La g’à parlê. ― She talked to them.
- Becomes -eg when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
- J-eg vān edmān. ― They go there tomorrow. (imperative, singular)
- J-eg dān da fêr. ― They give her trouble.
- Becomes -g when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
- A-g vag edmān. ― I’m going there tomorrow. (imperative, plural)
- A-g pôrt di munjêgi. ― I bring him some apricots.
Etymology 1
From Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille). Cognate with Catalan li and Italian gli.
Pronoun
ge (personal, dative case)
Related terms
Emilian personal pronouns (strong forms)
Number | Person | Gender | Disjunctive (tonic) |
Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Reflexive (-self) |
Comitative (with) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | mè | a | me | mêg | ||
Second | — | tè | et | te | têg | |||
Third | Masculine | ló | al | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | lê | la | ||||||
Plural | First | Masculine | nuēter | a | se | nōsk | ||
Feminine | nuētri | |||||||
Second | Masculine | vuēter | a | ve | vōsk | |||
Feminine | vuētri | |||||||
Third | Masculine | lôr | i | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | el | li |
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /keː/
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡe/, /ɡɛ/
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡe/, [ˈɡe]
Synonyms
- ji (Standard Malay)
See also
Further reading
- “ge” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ɡeː/, [ɡeː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /d͡ʒe/, [d͡ʒɛː]
Coordinate terms
References
- “ge”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia
- “ge”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Mandarin
Romanization
ge
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mapudungun

A human eye
References
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Nupe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡē/
Ojibwe
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
ge
- as for
- also, too, and
References
- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/ge-adv-conj
Old English
Etymology 1
From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from *jīz, an early variation of Proto-Germanic *jūz, representing Proto-Indo-European *yūs.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian jī, Old Saxon gi, Dutch gij, Old High German ir (German ihr), Old Norse ér (Swedish I, later ni), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Albanian ju, Proto-Baltic *ju- (Lithuanian jūs), Tocharian A yas, Tocharian B yes.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jeː/
Declension
Old English personal pronouns
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first person | iċ | mec, mē | mē | mīn | |
second person | þū | þec, þē | þē | þīn | ||
third person | neuter | hit | him | his | ||
masculine | hē | hine | ||||
feminine | hēo | hīe | hiere | |||
dual | first person | wit | unc, uncit | unc | uncer | |
second person | ġit | inc, incit | inc | incer | ||
plural | first person | wē | ūs, ūsic | ūs | ūser, ūre | |
second person | ġē | ēow, ēowic | ēow | ēower | ||
third person | hīe | him | heora |
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *jahw, from *ja + *-hw.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /je/
Conjunction
ġe
- and; often doubled as ġe... ġe... ("both... and...")
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
- Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?
- If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Old French
Rawa
References
- Norma Toland, Donald Toland, Reference Grammar of the Karo/Rawa Language (1991)
Romagnol
Scottish Gaelic
Synonyms
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxe/ [ˈxe]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: ge
Further reading
- “ge”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian
Swedish
Etymology
Apocopic form of giva, with umlaut, from Old Swedish giva, gæva, from Old Norse gefa, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰab(ʰ)-. Compare Old English giefan (whence English give).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jeː/, [ˈjeːə]
audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
Verb
ge (present ger, preterite gav, supine gett, imperative ge)
- to give
- Synonym: giva (dated)
- 1541, Gustav Vasa Bible, Book of Matthew, 25:42
- Ty iagh war hungrogh / och j gåffuen migh icke äta. Jagh war torstigh / och j gåffuen migh icke dricka.
- (pre-1906 spelling) Ty jag var hungrig, och I gåfven mig icke äta; jag var törstig, och I gåfven mig icke dricka.
- For I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me no drink.
- (reflexive) to give up, to surrender, to quit
- to give (to exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to yield)
Usage notes
- The older full conjugation (giva, giver) is complete with present and past participles. The short conjugation (ge, ger) does not provide acceptable forms for participles (*geende, *gedd), but is now the preferred and dominating choice for other cases (ge, ger, gett).
Conjugation
Conjugation of ge (class 5 strong)
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ge | ges | ||
Supine | gett | getts | ||
Imperative | ge | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | gen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ger | gav | ges | gavs |
Ind. plural1 | ge | gåvo | ges | gåvos |
Subjunctive2 | ge | gåve | ges | gåves |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | givande | |||
Past participle | given | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Conjugation of giva (class 5 strong, older)
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | giva | givas | ||
Supine | givit | givits | ||
Imperative | giv | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | given | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | giver | gav | givs, gives | gavs |
Ind. plural1 | giva | gåvo | givas | gåvos |
Subjunctive2 | give | gåve | gives | gåves |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | givande | |||
Past participle | given | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Conjugation of gifva (class 5 strong, obsolete spelling, used before 1906)
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | gifva | gifvas | ||
Supine | gifvit | gifvits | ||
Imperative | gif | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | gifven | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | gifver | gaf | gifs, gifves | gafs |
Ind. plural1 | gifva | gåfvo | gifvas | gåfvos |
Subjunctive2 | gifve | gåfve | gifves | gåfves |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | gifvande | |||
Past participle | gifven | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Derived terms
- ange
- avge
- ge an
- ge besked
- ge bort
- ge efter
- ge igen
- ge järnet
- ge med sig
- ge rätt
- ge sig av
- ge sig den på
- ge sig in i
- ge sig på
- ge sig till
- ge sig tillkänna
- ge tillbaka
- ge upp
- ge ut
- ge vid handen
- inge
- tillge
- uppge
- utge
- överge
References
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡe/, [ˈɡɛ]
- Hyphenation: ge
Derived terms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhe/, [ˈhɛ]
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: ge
Noun
ge (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜒ)
- (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter G/g, in the Abecedario
Alternative forms
Ternate
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡeː/
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɟe/
Turkmen
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