oss
Translingual
English
Icelandic
Pronoun
oss
- accusative and dative form of the word vér.
- Þetta kemur oss ekki við.
- This does not affect us.
Lombard
Etymology
From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, from Proto-Italic *ōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.
Pronunciation
- (Milanese) IPA(key): /ˈɔs/
References
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 90: “le ossa; un osso” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
- Arrighi, Cletto (1896) Dizionario milanese-italiano, col repertorio italiano-milanese: […] (in Italian), Milan: Hoepli, page 489
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔsː/
See also
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | general | dere | deres | |||||
formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse accusative and dative oss of vér, from Proto-Germanic accusative *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔsː/
Pronoun
oss
- (personal) us; me and at least one other person; objective case of me and vi
- (reflexive) ourselves
- 1998, Jon Fosse, Natta syng sine songar, Oslo: Samlaget, page 203:
- vi tok oss god tid
- we took our time
- (literally, “we took ourselves good time”)
- (dialectal, Gudbrandsdal, Romsdal, Trøndelag, personal) we
- Når va det oss skoillj fårrå te skævven?
- When we were supposed to go to the forest?
- 1770, Edvard Storm, “Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, in Den fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published 1990, page 233:
- Dæmæ venda os aat Bygden
- thus we turn towards the village
References
- “oss”, in Norsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
Old Norse
Declension
number | first person | second person | reflexive | third person | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | singular | singular masculine | singular feminine | singular neuter | ||
nominative | ek | þú | hann | hón, hǫ́n | þat | |
accusative | mik | þik | sik | hann | hana, hána | þat |
dative | mér | þér | sér | hánum, hónum, hǫ́num | henni | því |
genitive | mín | þín | sín | hans | hennar | þess |
case | dual | |||||
nominative | vit | it, þit | ||||
accusative | okkr | ykkr | sik | |||
dative | okkr | ykkr | sér | |||
genitive | okkar | ykkar | sín | |||
case | plural | plural masculine | plural feminine | plural neuter | ||
nominative | vér | ér, þér | þeir | þær | þau | |
accusative | oss | yðr | sik | þá | þær | þau |
dative | oss | yðr | sér | þeim | þeim | þeim |
genitive | vár | yðar, yðvar | sín | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra | þeira, þeirra |
Romansch
Swedish
Alternative forms
- oß (obsolete typography)
Etymology
From Old Norse oss, from Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔs/
audio (file)
Pronoun
oss
- us (objective case)
- Såg du oss där?
- Did you see us there?
- 1981, X Models (lyrics and music), “Två av oss [Two of us]”:
- Det finns bara en av mig och det är jag. Det finns bara en av dig och det är du. Det finns bara två av oss, och det är vi.
- There is only one of me and that is I. There is only one of you [object] and that is you [subject]. There are only two of us, and that is us [we – subject]. [Swedish has some of the same subject/object fuzziness as English, but a standalone "Det är <pronoun>" idiomatically (through intuition rather than being taught) uses the subject form]
- reflexive case of vi; compare ourselves
- Vi skulle vilja lära oss jonglera.
- We would like to learn how to juggle.
Usage notes
Note that some verbs have special senses when used reflexively. For example, do not confuse vi lär oss att... ("we learn to...") [reflexive] with de lär oss att... ("they teach us to...") and vi lär oss själva att... ("we teach ourselves to..."). Here, lär means teach(es) if it is not reflexive, but learn(s) if it is reflexive. Hence the need for the separate pronoun "oss själva" to be used when object and subject agree, but the verb nevertheless should not be used in the reflexive case.
Declension
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
See also
- oss själva