이

이 (’i)

1. the locative particle: in; at

• IPA^(key): /i/

Sino-Korean word from 二. Cognate with Korean 이 (i).

이 (i)

1. two

Cognate with Korean 이 (i).

이 (i)

1. this

• 그 (geu, “that”)
• 저 (jeo, “that (distal)”)

• “이” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, “this”), from Old Korean 是, 利 (*i, “this”). False cognate of Malayalam ഈ (ī, “this”) and other Dravidian terms.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 • (i)

1. this (proximal determiner)

   Synonym: 요 (yo, “this”, diminutive)

   Coordinate terms: 그 (geu, “that”, mesial), 저 (jeo, “that”, distal)

   이 그림을 본 적이 있다.

   I geurim-eul bon jeog-i itda.

   I have seen this picture.

   (file)

이 • (i)

1. (literary, formal or dialectal) this, this thing, this person

   Synonyms: 이것 (igeot, “this thing”), 이거 (igeo, “this thing”, colloquial), 얘 (yae, “this person”, colloquial)

   Coordinate terms: 그 (geu, “that”, mesial), 저 (jeo, “that”, distal)

   이 뭣고? (Zen Buddhist koan, Gyeongsang dialect) ― I mwotgo? ― What is this?

   대한민국 시민으로서 이는 납득할 수 없습니다.

   Daehanmin'guk simin-euroseo i-neun napdeukhal su eopseumnida.

   As a citizen of the Republic of Korea, this is not something I can accept.

2. (dialectal) here

   Synonym: 여기 (yeogi)

In spoken Korean, the word is used only as a determiner. To say "this person", "this thing", etc., a noun must be present: 이 사람 (i saram, “this person”), 이 것 (i geot, “this thing”), etc.

Sino-Korean word from 二, from the Middle Korean reading ᅀᅵ〯 (Yale: zǐ), from Middle Chinese 二 (MC nyijH).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes low pitch, and heightens the pitch of two subsequent suffixed syllables.

이 • (i) (hanja 二)

1. two

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

• 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
• 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

• 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
• 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
• 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

• 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

• 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
• 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

• 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
• 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

• See the hanja entry at 二 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이 (二, i).

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ní). Compounds still retain the original form.

In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

As the non-initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ni]
• Phonetic hangul: [니]

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 (i, “teeth”)

이 • (i)

1. tooth, teeth (chiefly of a human)

   Synonyms: 이빨 (ippal, “tooth”, of an animal or colloquially of a human), 치아(齒牙) (chia( 齒牙 ), “tooth”, formal, academic)

   이가 아프다

   i-ga apeuda

   for the teeth to hurt; to have a toothache

   이 없으면 잇몸으로 산다. (proverb)

   I eops-eumyeon inmom-euro sanda.

   With no teeth, I'd live with my gum.

2. the teeth of a saw or a similar jagged surface

   이 빠진 컵

   i ppajin keop

   a chipped cup

   (file)

3. (rare) mechanical joint

   Synonym: 이음 (ieum)

• In South Korea, the compounded form is written 니 (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written 이 (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.

• 니 (ni, as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography)

• 齒 (chi, “tooth”), the hanja used in many teeth-related words

From Middle Korean 이〮 (í, “person”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

이 • (i)

1. (formal, literary or dated) person, man (in the gender-neutral sense)

   말하는 이 없이 고요하다.

   Malha-neun i eopsi goyohada.

   It is quiet, with no man to talk.

   Audio (South Korea)

   (file)

   저기 가는 이가 누구요?

   Jeogi ganeun i-ga nugu-yo?

   Who is that man passing yonder?

   Audio (South Korea)

   (file)

   Synonyms: 사람 (saram), 자 (ja), 분 (bun, polite)

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 니〮 (Yale: ní). Compounds still retain the original form.

In isolation or as the initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

이 (i, “louse”)

As the non-initial element of a compound:

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ni]
• Phonetic hangul: [니]

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 • (i)

1. louse (tiny bloodsucking insect)

• In South Korea, the compounded form is written 니 (ni) to reflect the actual pronunciation. In North Korea, it is written 이 (i) for consistency. The pronunciation is the same in both countries except if spelling pronunciation interferes for some North Koreans.

• 니 (ni) — as the second element of a compound, in South Korean orthography

Sino-Korean word from 李, Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Lǐ) and 니〯 (Nǐ).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

이 • (I) (hanja 李)

1. a surname, the second most common Korean surname, used by roughly 7.3 million people in South Korea as of 2015

• 98.5% of South Koreans with this surname romanize it as "Lee".[1] North Koreans tend to romanize it as "Ri".

Sino-Korean word from 理, from the Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Yale: lǐ), from Middle Chinese 理 (MC liX).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

이 • (i) (hanja 理)

1. (East Asian philosophy, especially Confucianism) li, the underlying ordering principle of the cosmos

   Coordinate term: 기(氣) (gi, vital force engendering the cosmos)

• In the case of this specific word, the 리 (ri) pronunciation is common even in South Korea. The reason may be to avoid homophony with other Chinese characters, given the context of East Asian philosophy where single-character Chinese terms are common.

• See the hanja entry at 理 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이 (理, i).

Sino-Korean word from 利, from Middle Chinese 利 (MC lijH, “profit”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

이 • (i) (hanja 利)

1. (possibly dated) profit, benefit

   Synonyms: 이득(利得) (ideuk( 利得 )), 이익(利益) (iik( 利益 ))

   • 1996, Kim Jong-pil, “ko:[각계 주요인사 신년사] 김종필 <자민련 총재>”, in Han'guk gyeongje:

     국민에게 이가 되는 일을 성심으로 챙기는 무실역행의 정치를 해야합니다.

     Gungmin-ege i-ga doeneun ir-eul seongsim-euro chaenggineun musiryeokhaeng-ui jeongchi-reul hae-yahamnida.

     We must carry out a politics of striving for practical benefits, earnestly embarking on enterprises which will provide benefit for the people.

2. (rare, dated) interest

   Synonyms: 변리(邊利) (byeolli( 邊利 )), 이자(利子) (ija( 利子 ))

• 이롭다 (iropda, “to be beneficial”)
• See the hanja entry at 利 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이 (利, i).

From English e.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 이의 / 이에 / 이까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

이 • (i)

1. The Korean reading of the Latin alphabet letter e.
   1. (mathematics) In particular, the Korean reading of the number that is the base of natural logarithms (approximately 2.718281828459), written e.

Sino-Korean word from 釐

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i]
• Phonetic hangul: [이]

이 • (i) (hanja 釐)

1. (rare, archaic) one-hundredth, 10^-2

이 • (I) (hanja 伊)

1. Alternative form of 伊 (I, “Italy (in news headlines)”)

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

이 (i)

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as 리 (ri).

After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as 리 (ri) in all environments.

이 (i)

Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters in isolation or as the first element of a compound. As the non-initial element of a compound, they are read as 니 (ni).

After a language reform in North Korea in the mid-twentieth century intended to make Sino-Korean readings uniform, they are always read as 니 (ni)in all environments.

이 (i)