kami
English

Noun
Etymology 2
Noun
kami (plural kami)
Alangan
Amis
Etymology
From Proto-Austronesian *kami. Compare Malay kami (“we”).
Bikol Central
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kaˈmi/, [kaˈmi]
- Hyphenation: ka‧mi
Pronoun
kamí (Basahan spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
- Nagtatrabaho kami sa sarong kompanya. Ika?
- We work at a company. You?
See also
Person | Number | Absolute (ang) | Ergative (sa) | Oblique (sa) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Full | Short | Full | Short | |||
First | singular | ako | ko | sakuya, sako, saako | |||
plural inclusive | kita | nyato | ta | satuya, sato, saato | |||
plural exclusive | kami | nyamo | mi | samuya, samo, kanamo, saamo | |||
Second | singular | ika | ka | mo | saimo, simo,kanimo | ||
plural | kamo | nindo | saindo, kaninyo, sainyo | ||||
Third | singular | siya, iya | niya | saiya, kaniya | |||
plural | sinda | ninda | sainda, kanila | ||||
Cebuano
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ka‧mi
- IPA(key): /kaˈmi/, [kʌˈmi]
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
See also
Person | Number | Absolute (ang/si) | Ergative (sa/ni) | Ergative (preposed) | Oblique (sa/og) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Full | Short | |
First | singular | ako | ko* | nako | ko | ako/akoa | kanako | nako |
plural inclusive | kita | ta | nato | ta | ato/atoa | kanato | nato | |
plural exclusive | kami | mi | namo | mo | amo/amoa | kanamo | namo | |
Second | singular | ikaw | ka | nimo | mo | imo/imoha | kanimo | nimo |
plural | kamo | ka | ninyo | inyo/inyoha | kaninyo | ninyo | ||
Third | singular | siya | niya | iya/iyaha | kaniya | niya | ||
plural | sila | nila | ila/ilaha | kanila | nila | |||
*Ta is used over ko where the object is a second-person singular pronoun. |
French
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Further reading
- “kami”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hiligaynon
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ka‧mi
- IPA(key): /kaˈmi/, [kaˈmi]
Iban
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.mi/
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay kami, from Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkä.mi/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
kami
- we (exclusive); I and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- Kami sudah pergi ke pasar. ― We have been to the market.
- 1966, National Pledge of Singapore
- Kami, warganegara Singapura,
sebagai rakyat yang bersatu padu,
tidak kira apa bangsa, bahasa, atau ugama […]- We, the citizens of Singapore,
pledge ourselves as one united people,
regardless of race, language or religion […]
- We, the citizens of Singapore,
- we: the speaker/writer alone. (This use of we is the editorial we, used by writers and others, including royalty—the royal we—as a less personal substitute for I. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)
- us (exclusive); me and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- Dia memberikan kami makanan. ― He gave us food.
- our (exclusive); my and of other(s) but not of those I am addressing
- Bolehkah kamu taruh buku kami di perpustakaan?. ― . Can you put our books in the library?
- ours (if used with milik, kepunyaan, etc.)
- Hak Milik tanah bangsa Indonesia hanya untuk kami sekalian. ― It is only we [Indonesians] who have the right to own this Indonesian land.
Synonyms
Indonesian first-person pronouns:
Related terms
Further reading
- “kami” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Inonhan
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Javanese
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kami/
- Rhymes: -ami, -mi, -i
Audio (MY) (file)
Synonyms
- kita orang (nonstandard)
Related terms
- kita (inclusive of the person spoken to)
Descendants
- Indonesian: kami
See also
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | standard | saya / ساي aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possessive) hamba / همبا (dated) |
kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive) |
royal | beta / بيتا | ||
2nd person | standard | kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal) | |
engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possessive) |
awak semua / اوق سموا kamu semua / كامو سموا kalian / کالين (informal) kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal) | ||
royal | tuanku / توانكو | ||
3rd person | standard | dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possessive) |
mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal) |
royal | baginda / بݢيندا |
Further reading
- “kami” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mansaka
Maranao
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Musi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kami/
Pronoun
kami
- we (exclusive); I and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- we: the speaker/writer alone. (This use of we is the editorial we, used by writers and others, including royalty—the royal we—as a less personal substitute for I. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)
- us (exclusive); me and other(s) but not those I am addressing
- our (exclusive); my and of other(s) but not of those I am addressing
- ours
Related terms
Ratagnon
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Sakizaya
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka.ˈmi/, [ka.ˈmi]
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kamy, preserving the reflex of word-final */y/, which was lost in standard words kȃm and kȁmēn.
References
- Skok, Petar (1972) “kami”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 2 (K – poni¹), Zagreb: JAZU, page 26
Tagalog
Alternative forms
- cami — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
- kmi — Internet and text messaging slang
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /kaˈmi/ [kɐˈmi], (colloquial) /kaˈme/ [kɐˈmɛ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: ka‧mi
Pronoun
kamí (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜋᜒ)
- we (exclusive of the person spoken to)
- Nagtatrabaho kami sa isang kumpanya. Ikaw?
- We work at a company. You?
Derived terms
- kami-kami
See also
Person | Number | Direct (ang) | Indirect (ng) | Oblique (sa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | singular | ako | ko | akin |
dual* | kita, kata | nita, nata, ta | kanita, kanata, ata | |
plural inclusive | tayo | natin | atin | |
plural exclusive | kami | namin | amin | |
First & Second | singular | kita** | ||
Second | singular | ikaw, ka | mo | iyo |
plural | kayo, kamo | ninyo, niyo | inyo | |
Third | singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
plural | sila | nila | kanila | |
* First person dual pronouns are not commonly used. ** Replaces "ko ikaw". |
Further reading
- “kami”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tausug
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
West Albay Bikol
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.
Yogad
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.