hamba
Estonian
Indonesian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Malay hamba, from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ham.ba/
- Rhymes: -amba, -ba, -a
Noun
hamba (first-person possessive hambaku, second-person possessive hambamu, third-person possessive hambanya)
Usage notes
Hamba as pronoun still used in daily life, especially in prayer.
Synonyms
Indonesian first-person pronouns:
Derived terms
- berhamba
- diperhamba
- memperhamba
- memperhambakan
- menghamba
- menghambai
- menghambakan
- penghamba
- penghambaan
- perhambaan
- hamba Allah
- hamba hukum
- hamba nafsu
- hamba raja
- hamba sahaya
- hamba tebusan
Further reading
- “hamba” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hamba/
- Rhymes: -amba, -ba, -a
- (Johor-Riau) IPA(key): [hambə]
- (Kelantan-Pattani) IPA(key): [ambɑː]
Noun
hamba (Jawi spelling همبا, plural hamba-hamba, informal 1st possessive hambaku, 2nd possessive hambamu, 3rd possessive hambanya)
Descendants
- Indonesian: hamba
Further reading
- “hamba” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old Javanese
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit हम्भाय (hambhāya, “low”), compare to Sanskrit हंबतारा (haṃbatārā, “good man”).
Derived terms
- mahamba
Related terms
Swazi
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhamba/, [ˈham.bɐ]
- Hyphenation: ham‧ba
Noun
hamba (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜋ᜔ᜊ)
- jamb (vertical component that form the side of an opening in a wall)
Derived terms
- hambahan
Further reading
- “hamba”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-hámba
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuhamba | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuhamba | ukungahambi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | hamba | -hambe | |||||||
Plural | hambani | -hambeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyahamba, ngihamba | engihambayo, engihamba | ngihamba | angihambi | engingahambi | ngingahambi | |||
2nd singular | uyahamba, uhamba | ohambayo, ohamba | uhamba | awuhambi | ongahambi | ungahambi | |||
1st plural | siyahamba, sihamba | esihambayo, esihamba | sihamba | asihambi | esingahambi | singahambi | |||
2nd plural | niyahamba, nihamba | enihambayo, enihamba | nihamba | anihambi | eningahambi | ningahambi | |||
Class 1 | uyahamba, uhamba | ohambayo, ohamba | ehamba | akahambi | ongahambi | engahambi | |||
Class 2 | bayahamba, bahamba | abahambayo, abahamba | behamba | abahambi | abangahambi | bengahambi | |||
Class 3 | uyahamba, uhamba | ohambayo, ohamba | uhamba | awuhambi | ongahambi | ungahambi | |||
Class 4 | iyahamba, ihamba | ehambayo, ehamba | ihamba | ayihambi | engahambi | ingahambi | |||
Class 5 | liyahamba, lihamba | elihambayo, elihamba | lihamba | alihambi | elingahambi | lingahambi | |||
Class 6 | ayahamba, ahamba | ahambayo, ahamba | ehamba | awahambi | angahambi | engahambi | |||
Class 7 | siyahamba, sihamba | esihambayo, esihamba | sihamba | asihambi | esingahambi | singahambi | |||
Class 8 | ziyahamba, zihamba | ezihambayo, ezihamba | zihamba | azihambi | ezingahambi | zingahambi | |||
Class 9 | iyahamba, ihamba | ehambayo, ehamba | ihamba | ayihambi | engahambi | ingahambi | |||
Class 10 | ziyahamba, zihamba | ezihambayo, ezihamba | zihamba | azihambi | ezingahambi | zingahambi | |||
Class 11 | luyahamba, luhamba | oluhambayo, oluhamba | luhamba | aluhambi | olungahambi | lungahambi | |||
Class 14 | buyahamba, buhamba | obuhambayo, obuhamba | buhamba | abuhambi | obungahambi | bungahambi | |||
Class 15 | kuyahamba, kuhamba | okuhambayo, okuhamba | kuhamba | akuhambi | okungahambi | kungahambi | |||
Class 17 | kuyahamba, kuhamba | okuhambayo, okuhamba | kuhamba | akuhambi | okungahambi | kungahambi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngihambile, ngihambē | engihambile, engihambē | ngihambile, ngihambē | angihambanga | engingahambanga | ngingahambanga | |||
2nd singular | uhambile, uhambē | ohambile, ohambē | uhambile, uhambē | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
1st plural | sihambile, sihambē | esihambile, esihambē | sihambile, sihambē | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
2nd plural | nihambile, nihambē | enihambile, enihambē | nihambile, nihambē | anihambanga | eningahambanga | ningahambanga | |||
Class 1 | uhambile, uhambē | ohambile, ohambē | ehambile, ehambē | akahambanga | ongahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 2 | bahambile, bahambē | abahambile, abahambē | behambile, behambē | abahambanga | abangahambanga | bengahambanga | |||
Class 3 | uhambile, uhambē | ohambile, ohambē | uhambile, uhambē | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
Class 4 | ihambile, ihambē | ehambile, ehambē | ihambile, ihambē | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 5 | lihambile, lihambē | elihambile, elihambē | lihambile, lihambē | alihambanga | elingahambanga | lingahambanga | |||
Class 6 | ahambile, ahambē | ahambile, ahambē | ehambile, ehambē | awahambanga | angahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 7 | sihambile, sihambē | esihambile, esihambē | sihambile, sihambē | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
Class 8 | zihambile, zihambē | ezihambile, ezihambē | zihambile, zihambē | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 9 | ihambile, ihambē | ehambile, ehambē | ihambile, ihambē | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 10 | zihambile, zihambē | ezihambile, ezihambē | zihambile, zihambē | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 11 | luhambile, luhambē | oluhambile, oluhambē | luhambile, luhambē | aluhambanga | olungahambanga | lungahambanga | |||
Class 14 | buhambile, buhambē | obuhambile, obuhambē | buhambile, buhambē | abuhambanga | obungahambanga | bungahambanga | |||
Class 15 | kuhambile, kuhambē | okuhambile, okuhambē | kuhambile, kuhambē | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Class 17 | kuhambile, kuhambē | okuhambile, okuhambē | kuhambile, kuhambē | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāhamba | engāhamba | ngāhamba | angihambanga | engingahambanga | ngingahambanga | |||
2nd singular | wāhamba | owāhamba | wāhamba | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
1st plural | sāhamba | esāhamba | sāhamba | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
2nd plural | nāhamba | enāhamba | nāhamba | anihambanga | eningahambanga | ningahambanga | |||
Class 1 | wāhamba | owāhamba | āhamba | akahambanga | ongahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 2 | bāhamba | abāhamba | bāhamba | abahambanga | abangahambanga | bengahambanga | |||
Class 3 | wāhamba | owāhamba | wāhamba | awuhambanga | ongahambanga | ungahambanga | |||
Class 4 | yāhamba | eyāhamba | yāhamba | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 5 | lāhamba | elāhamba | lāhamba | alihambanga | elingahambanga | lingahambanga | |||
Class 6 | āhamba | āhamba | āhamba | awahambanga | angahambanga | engahambanga | |||
Class 7 | sāhamba | esāhamba | sāhamba | asihambanga | esingahambanga | singahambanga | |||
Class 8 | zāhamba | ezāhamba | zāhamba | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 9 | yāhamba | eyāhamba | yāhamba | ayihambanga | engahambanga | ingahambanga | |||
Class 10 | zāhamba | ezāhamba | zāhamba | azihambanga | ezingahambanga | zingahambanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāhamba | olwāhamba | lwāhamba | aluhambanga | olungahambanga | lungahambanga | |||
Class 14 | bāhamba | obāhamba | bāhamba | abuhambanga | obungahambanga | bungahambanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāhamba | okwāhamba | kwāhamba | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāhamba | okwāhamba | kwāhamba | akuhambanga | okungahambanga | kungahambanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingahamba | — | ngingahamba | ngingehambe | — | ngingehambe | |||
2nd singular | ungahamba | — | ungahamba | ungehambe | — | ungehambe | |||
1st plural | singahamba | — | singahamba | singehambe | — | singehambe | |||
2nd plural | ningahamba | — | ningahamba | ningehambe | — | ningehambe | |||
Class 1 | angahamba | — | engahamba | angehambe | — | engehambe | |||
Class 2 | bangahamba | — | bengahamba | bangehambe | — | bengehambe | |||
Class 3 | ungahamba | — | ungahamba | ungehambe | — | ungehambe | |||
Class 4 | ingahamba | — | ingahamba | ingehambe | — | ingehambe | |||
Class 5 | lingahamba | — | lingahamba | lingehambe | — | lingehambe | |||
Class 6 | angahamba | — | engahamba | angehambe | — | engehambe | |||
Class 7 | singahamba | — | singahamba | singehambe | — | singehambe | |||
Class 8 | zingahamba | — | zingahamba | zingehambe | — | zingehambe | |||
Class 9 | ingahamba | — | ingahamba | ingehambe | — | ingehambe | |||
Class 10 | zingahamba | — | zingahamba | zingehambe | — | zingehambe | |||
Class 11 | lungahamba | — | lungahamba | lungehambe | — | lungehambe | |||
Class 14 | bungahamba | — | bungahamba | bungehambe | — | bungehambe | |||
Class 15 | kungahamba | — | kungahamba | kungehambe | — | kungehambe | |||
Class 17 | kungahamba | — | kungahamba | kungehambe | — | kungehambe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizohamba | engizohamba | ngizohamba | angizuhamba | engingezuhamba | ngingezuhamba | |||
2nd singular | uzohamba | ozohamba | uzohamba | awuzuhamba | ongezuhamba | ungezuhamba | |||
1st plural | sizohamba | esizohamba | sizohamba | asizuhamba | esingezuhamba | singezuhamba | |||
2nd plural | nizohamba | enizohamba | nizohamba | anizuhamba | eningezuhamba | ningezuhamba | |||
Class 1 | uzohamba | ozohamba | ezohamba | akazuhamba | ongezuhamba | engezuhamba | |||
Class 2 | bazohamba | abazohamba | bezohamba | abazuhamba | abangezuhamba | bengezuhamba | |||
Class 3 | uzohamba | ozohamba | uzohamba | awuzuhamba | ongezuhamba | ungezuhamba | |||
Class 4 | izohamba | ezohamba | izohamba | ayizuhamba | engezuhamba | ingezuhamba | |||
Class 5 | lizohamba | elizohamba | lizohamba | alizuhamba | elingezuhamba | lingezuhamba | |||
Class 6 | azohamba | azohamba | ezohamba | awazuhamba | angezuhamba | engezuhamba | |||
Class 7 | sizohamba | esizohamba | sizohamba | asizuhamba | esingezuhamba | singezuhamba | |||
Class 8 | zizohamba | ezizohamba | zizohamba | azizuhamba | ezingezuhamba | zingezuhamba | |||
Class 9 | izohamba | ezohamba | izohamba | ayizuhamba | engezuhamba | ingezuhamba | |||
Class 10 | zizohamba | ezizohamba | zizohamba | azizuhamba | ezingezuhamba | zingezuhamba | |||
Class 11 | luzohamba | oluzohamba | luzohamba | aluzuhamba | olungezuhamba | lungezuhamba | |||
Class 14 | buzohamba | obuzohamba | buzohamba | abuzuhamba | obungezuhamba | bungezuhamba | |||
Class 15 | kuzohamba | okuzohamba | kuzohamba | akuzuhamba | okungezuhamba | kungezuhamba | |||
Class 17 | kuzohamba | okuzohamba | kuzohamba | akuzuhamba | okungezuhamba | kungezuhamba | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyohamba | engiyohamba | ngiyohamba | angiyuhamba | engingeyuhamba | ngingeyuhamba | |||
2nd singular | uyohamba | oyohamba | uyohamba | awuyuhamba | ongeyuhamba | ungeyuhamba | |||
1st plural | siyohamba | esiyohamba | siyohamba | asiyuhamba | esingeyuhamba | singeyuhamba | |||
2nd plural | niyohamba | eniyohamba | niyohamba | aniyuhamba | eningeyuhamba | ningeyuhamba | |||
Class 1 | uyohamba | oyohamba | eyohamba | akayuhamba | ongeyuhamba | engeyuhamba | |||
Class 2 | bayohamba | abayohamba | beyohamba | abayuhamba | abangeyuhamba | bengeyuhamba | |||
Class 3 | uyohamba | oyohamba | uyohamba | awuyuhamba | ongeyuhamba | ungeyuhamba | |||
Class 4 | iyohamba | eyohamba | iyohamba | ayiyuhamba | engeyuhamba | ingeyuhamba | |||
Class 5 | liyohamba | eliyohamba | liyohamba | aliyuhamba | elingeyuhamba | lingeyuhamba | |||
Class 6 | ayohamba | ayohamba | eyohamba | awayuhamba | angeyuhamba | engeyuhamba | |||
Class 7 | siyohamba | esiyohamba | siyohamba | asiyuhamba | esingeyuhamba | singeyuhamba | |||
Class 8 | ziyohamba | eziyohamba | ziyohamba | aziyuhamba | ezingeyuhamba | zingeyuhamba | |||
Class 9 | iyohamba | eyohamba | iyohamba | ayiyuhamba | engeyuhamba | ingeyuhamba | |||
Class 10 | ziyohamba | eziyohamba | ziyohamba | aziyuhamba | ezingeyuhamba | zingeyuhamba | |||
Class 11 | luyohamba | oluyohamba | luyohamba | aluyuhamba | olungeyuhamba | lungeyuhamba | |||
Class 14 | buyohamba | obuyohamba | buyohamba | abuyuhamba | obungeyuhamba | bungeyuhamba | |||
Class 15 | kuyohamba | okuyohamba | kuyohamba | akuyuhamba | okungeyuhamba | kungeyuhamba | |||
Class 17 | kuyohamba | okuyohamba | kuyohamba | akuyuhamba | okungeyuhamba | kungeyuhamba | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngihambe | ngingahambi | |||||||
2nd singular | uhambe | ungahambi | |||||||
1st plural | sihambe | singahambi | |||||||
2nd plural | nihambe | ningahambi | |||||||
Class 1 | ahambe | angahambi | |||||||
Class 2 | bahambe | bangahambi | |||||||
Class 3 | uhambe | ungahambi | |||||||
Class 4 | ihambe | ingahambi | |||||||
Class 5 | lihambe | lingahambi | |||||||
Class 6 | ahambe | angahambi | |||||||
Class 7 | sihambe | singahambi | |||||||
Class 8 | zihambe | zingahambi | |||||||
Class 9 | ihambe | ingahambi | |||||||
Class 10 | zihambe | zingahambi | |||||||
Class 11 | luhambe | lungahambi | |||||||
Class 14 | buhambe | bungahambi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuhambe | kungahambi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuhambe | kungahambi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngahamba | ngangahamba, angahamba, angangahamba | |||||||
2nd singular | wahamba | wangahamba, awahamba, awangahamba | |||||||
1st plural | sahamba | sangahamba, asahamba, asangahamba | |||||||
2nd plural | nahamba | nangahamba, anahamba, anangahamba | |||||||
Class 1 | wahamba | wangahamba, akahamba, akangahamba | |||||||
Class 2 | bahamba | bangahamba, abahamba, abangahamba | |||||||
Class 3 | wahamba | wangahamba, awahamba, awangahamba | |||||||
Class 4 | yahamba | yangahamba, ayahamba, ayangahamba | |||||||
Class 5 | lahamba | langahamba, alahamba, alangahamba | |||||||
Class 6 | ahamba | angahamba, awahamba, awangahamba | |||||||
Class 7 | sahamba | sangahamba, asahamba, asangahamba | |||||||
Class 8 | zahamba | zangahamba, azahamba, azangahamba | |||||||
Class 9 | yahamba | yangahamba, ayahamba, ayangahamba | |||||||
Class 10 | zahamba | zangahamba, azahamba, azangahamba | |||||||
Class 11 | lwahamba | lwangahamba, alwahamba, alwangahamba | |||||||
Class 14 | bahamba | bangahamba, abahamba, abangahamba | |||||||
Class 15 | kwahamba | kwangahamba, akwahamba, akwangahamba | |||||||
Class 17 | kwahamba | kwangahamba, akwahamba, akwangahamba |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hamba”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hamba (3.9)”