bora
English
Etymology 1
From Gamilaraay būru.
Alternative forms
Noun
bora (plural boras)
- An initiation ceremony for males among the Aboriginal people of New South Wales.
- 1873, William Ridley, “Report on Australian Languages and Traditions”, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 2:
- Birribirai, a youth not yet admitted to a bora.
- 1885, A. L. P. Cameron, “Notes on some Tribes of New South Wales”, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 14:
- By far the most important among the ceremonies practised by the aborigines of New South Wales is the Bora, at which youths are initiated to manhood...
Synonyms
- burbung
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Either from Serbo-Croatian bura (“downslope wind, northeast or ENE wind”), or from a dialectal form of Italian borea (“north wind”) from Latin Boreās.
Noun
bora
- A cold, often dry, northeasterly wind which blows, sometimes in violent gusts, down from mountains on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. It also applies to cold, squally, downslope winds in other parts of the world.
- 2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 650:
- When the bora blew down from the mountains, announcing the winter, would he ride it on out of town?
Translations
Chibcha
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /βoɾa/
References
- Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
Hausa
See also
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈborɒ]
- Hyphenation: bo‧ra
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | bora | — |
accusative | borát | — |
dative | borának | — |
instrumental | borával | — |
causal-final | boráért | — |
translative | borává | — |
terminative | boráig | — |
essive-formal | boraként | — |
essive-modal | borául | — |
inessive | borában | — |
superessive | borán | — |
adessive | boránál | — |
illative | borába | — |
sublative | borára | — |
allative | borához | — |
elative | borából | — |
delative | boráról | — |
ablative | borától | — |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
boráé | — |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
boráéi | — |
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɔːra/
- Rhymes: -ɔːra
Verb
bora (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative boraði, supine borað)
- (transitive, intransitive, with accusative) to bore, drill
Conjugation
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að bora | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
borað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
borandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég bora | við borum | present (nútíð) |
ég bori | við borum |
þú borar | þið borið | þú borir | þið borið | ||
hann, hún, það borar | þeir, þær, þau bora | hann, hún, það bori | þeir, þær, þau bori | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég boraði | við boruðum | past (þátíð) |
ég boraði | við boruðum |
þú boraðir | þið boruðuð | þú boraðir | þið boruðuð | ||
hann, hún, það boraði | þeir, þær, þau boruðu | hann, hún, það boraði | þeir, þær, þau boruðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
bora (þú) | borið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
boraðu | boriði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að borast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
borast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
borandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég borast | við borumst | present (nútíð) |
ég borist | við borumst |
þú borast | þið borist | þú borist | þið borist | ||
hann, hún, það borast | þeir, þær, þau borast | hann, hún, það borist | þeir, þær, þau borist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég boraðist | við boruðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég boraðist | við boruðumst |
þú boraðist | þið boruðust | þú boraðist | þið boruðust | ||
hann, hún, það boraðist | þeir, þær, þau boruðust | hann, hún, það boraðist | þeir, þær, þau boruðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
borast (þú) | borist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
borastu | boristi * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
boraður | boruð | borað | boraðir | boraðar | boruð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
boraðan | boraða | borað | boraða | boraðar | boruð | |
dative (þágufall) |
boruðum | boraðri | boruðu | boruðum | boruðum | boruðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
boraðs | boraðrar | boraðs | boraðra | boraðra | boraðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
boraði | boraða | boraða | boruðu | boruðu | boruðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
boraða | boruðu | boraða | boruðu | boruðu | boruðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
boraða | boruðu | boraða | boruðu | boruðu | boruðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
boraða | boruðu | boraða | boruðu | boruðu | boruðu |
Noun
Declension
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɔ.ra/
- Rhymes: -ɔra
- Hyphenation: bò‧ra
Ladino
Etymology
From Greek βορράς (vorrás, “north; violent north wind”), from Ancient Greek Βορρᾶς (Borrhâs).
Further reading
- Joseph Nehama, Jesús Cantera (1977) “bóra”, in Dictionnaire du Judéo-Espagnol (in French), Madrid: CSIC, →ISBN, page 96
Latvian
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈpoːra/
Inflection
Even a-stem, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | bōra | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | bōra | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | bōra | bōrat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | bōra | bōraid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | bōra | bōraid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | bōrii | bōraide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | bōras | bōrain | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | bōrain | bōraiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | bōran | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Further reading
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈpora/
Verb
bora
- inflection of borrat:
- present indicative connegative
- second-person singular imperative
- imperative connegative
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Old Norse
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill, pierce, bore”).
Conjugation
infinitive | bora | |
---|---|---|
present participle | borandi | |
past participle | boraðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | bora | boraða |
2nd-person singular | borar | boraðir |
3rd-person singular | borar | boraði |
1st-person plural | borum | boruðum |
2nd-person plural | borið | boruðuð |
3rd-person plural | bora | boruðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | bora | boraða |
2nd-person singular | borir | boraðir |
3rd-person singular | bori | boraði |
1st-person plural | borim | boraðim |
2nd-person plural | borið | boraðið |
3rd-person plural | bori | boraði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | bora | |
1st-person plural | borum | |
2nd-person plural | borið |
infinitive | borask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | borandisk | |
past participle | borazk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | borumk | boruðumk |
2nd-person singular | borask | boraðisk |
3rd-person singular | borask | boraðisk |
1st-person plural | borumsk | boruðumsk |
2nd-person plural | borizk | boruðuzk |
3rd-person plural | borask | boruðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | borumk | boruðumk |
2nd-person singular | borisk | boraðisk |
3rd-person singular | borisk | boraðisk |
1st-person plural | borimsk | boraðimsk |
2nd-person plural | borizk | boraðizk |
3rd-person plural | borisk | boraðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | borask | |
1st-person plural | borumsk | |
2nd-person plural | borizk |
Descendants
Declension
Descendants
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bore f
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
References
- “bora”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Swedish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Norse bora, from Proto-Germanic *burōną.
Conjugation
present | past | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | bora | — | |||
participle | borandi, -e | boraþer | |||
active voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | borar | bori, -e | — | boraþi, -e | boraþi, -e |
þū | borar | bori, -e | bora | boraþi, -e | boraþi, -e |
han | borar | bori, -e | — | boraþi, -e | boraþi, -e |
vīr | borum, -om | borum, -om | borum, -om | boraþum, -om | boraþum, -om |
īr | borin | borin | borin | boraþin | boraþin |
þēr | bora | borin | — | boraþu, -o | boraþin |
mediopassive voice | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
iæk | boras | boris, -es | — | boraþis, -es | boraþis, -es |
þū | boras | boris, -es | — | boraþis, -es | boraþis, -es |
han | boras | boris, -es | — | boraþis, -es | boraþis, -es |
vīr | borums, -oms | borums, -oms | — | boraþums, -oms | boraþums, -oms |
īr | borins | borins | — | boraþins | boraþins |
þēr | boras | borins | — | boraþus, -os | boraþins |
Descendants
- Swedish: borra
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɔ.ɾɐ/
- Hyphenation: bo‧ra
Interjection
bora
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [boˈra]
Romansch
Synonyms
- (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader) balla
Serbo-Croatian
Swahili
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Derived terms
- Nominal derivations:
Turkish
Etymology 2
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish بورا (bora, “squall, tempest”), possibly a derivation from Proto-Turkic *bora- (“north wind; to snow heavily”).[1] Cognate with Crimean Tatar and Turkmen boran, Bashkir буран (buran), Kazakh боран (boran). Or a wanderword, compare Italian bora, ultimately from Latin borea and, Greek μπόρα (mpóra). The same root as bora is found in the name of the Greek mythological figure of Boreas (Βορέας). Scholars argue, the Serbo-Croatian name bura and Slovene burja are not etymologically related to bora; they derive from Common Slavic burja 'storm' (from the verb *burĭti), and the meaning 'bora' developed later.
Noun
bora (definite accusative borayı, plural boralar)
- (meteorology) squall.
- (often nautical) more specifically the bora is a northerly to north-easterly katabatic wind. Regardless of its direction, it can gather a hurricane-strength, thus it is a storm too.
References
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bora”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Yoruba
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bó.ɾā/
Derived terms
- ìbóra (“skin bleaching”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bō.ɾā/