bo
Translingual
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /bəʊ/
- (General American) IPA(key): /boʊ/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊ
- Homophones: beau, Bo, bow
Etymology 1
Imitative.
Interjection
bo
- An exclamation used to startle or frighten.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 37, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- We may fairely cry bo-bo-boe; it may well make us hoarse, but it will nothing advaunce it.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Probably a shortening of boy.
Noun
bo (plural bos)
- (US, slang) Fellow, chap, boy.
- 1940, Raymond Chandler, Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published 2010, page 255:
- ‘Never heard of him,’ he smiled. ‘On your way, bo.’
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʊə/
Audio (file)
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Latin bonus, from Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos, from Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to show favor, revere”). Numerous cognates include French bon and Portuguese bom.
Usage notes
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “bo” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “bo” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cimbrian
Etymology 1
From Middle High German wā, from Old High German wār, hwār, from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Cognate with German wo, English where.
Alternative forms
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Conjunction
bo
- (Sette Comuni) the ... the
- Bo mèront hatzich, bo mèeront bilzich.
- The more we have, the more we want.
References
- “bo” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Cornish
Pronunciation
(RLC) IPA(key): /ˈboː/
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbo]
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /boː/, [b̥oːˀ]
Noun
Inflection
Etymology 2
From Old Norse búa (“to reside”), from Proto-Germanic *būaną, cognate with Norwegian bo, bu, Swedish bo, German bauen, Dutch bouwen, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bauan).
Duvle
Further reading
Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages
Fala
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese bõo, from Latin bonus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbo/
Usage notes
- In Lagarteiru, when preceding a feminine noun as part of a noun phrase, the masculine forms are used.
Derived terms
- Noitiboa (“Christmas Eve”)
Related terms
- bondai (“goodness”)
Fijian
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic *baʀoq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀəq.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese bõo, from Latin bonus. Cognate with Portuguese bom and Spanish bueno.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈboː/
Related terms
References
- “bo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “bo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “bo” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “bo” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology 1
From Portuguese vós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bo.
Etymology 2
From Portuguese bom. Cognate with Kabuverdianu bon.
Gunwinggu
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpo/
Derived terms
- bonguneng
References
- Lynette Frances Oates, A Tentative Description of the Gunwinggu Language (1964)
- Steven and Narelle Etherington, Kunwinjku Kunwok: A Short Introduction to Kunwinjku Language and Society (third edition, 1998)
Kalasha
Louisiana Creole
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bo/
- Rhymes: -o
Adjective
bo m (feminine bèl)
Noun
bo
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare Saint Dominican Creole French bobo, Haitian Creole bo.
References
- Alcée Fortier, Louisiana Folktales
Mandarin
Romanization
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 卜
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啵
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 噃
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蔔/卜
bo
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mawes
Further reading
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics)
- Mawes Swadesh List
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Middle Low German behof (compare with behov).
Noun
bo (indeclinable) (idiomatic use only)
Usage notes
A noun not commonly used.
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Danish bo, from Old Norse bú (“settled area, town”) (compare alternative form bu). Akin to bod (“store room, booth”) and the verb bo (“to live”).
Alternative forms
- bu (Nynorsk also)
Noun
bo n (definite singular boet, indefinite plural bo, definite plural boa or boene)
- one's home (mainly idiomatic)
- De giftet seg og satte bo.
- They married and settled down/built their home.
- estate
- Å skifte et bo.
- To divide an estate.
Derived terms
- See combined section below.
Etymology 3
From Danish bo, from Old Norse búa (“to prepare, finish, make preparations, equip”), cognate with Old English būan, Old Frisian buwa, Old Saxon būan and Old High German būan (whence German bauen).
Alternative forms
- bu (Nynorsk also)
Verb
bo (imperative bo, present tense bor, simple past bodde, past participle bodd, present participle boende)
- to live (have permanent residence), stay
- Hvor bor du (hen)?
- Where do you live?
- Jeg vet hvor du bor.
- I know where you live.
- Hvor lenge blir du boende.
- How long will you be staying?
- to be, to dwell, to be in
- Husk at all skjønnhet på jord bor i de evige ord: Jeg elsker deg.(Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson)
- Remember that all beauty on Earth dwells in those eternal words: I love you.
- Du aner ikke hva som virkelig bor i henne.(literally: "you have no idea what really dwells in her")
- You have no idea what she's really like.
Synonyms
Derived terms
- (Noun and verb)
- bebo
- bo sammen
- bo seg i hjel
- bobil
- boende
- bosette
- bosted
- bygge og bo
- dødsbo
- fastboende
- hva som bor i
- konkursbo
- landsbyboer
- sette bo
- sitte i ukskiftet bo
- skifte et bo
- ta et bo under behandling
- uskiftet bo
References
- “bo” in The Ordnett Dictionary
- “bo” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- search on "bo" on Ordtak.no - web site containing quotes and citations
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Middle Low German behof (compare behov).
Noun
bo (indeclinable) (idiomatic use only)
Related terms
References
- “bo” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bo.
Descendants
- Czech: bo
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “bo”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bo. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.
Conjunction
bo
- because
- 1887, 1889 [1388], Józef Lekszycki, editor, Die ältesten großpolnischen Grodbücher, volume I, number 461, Greater Poland:
- Czso posual Jacub medzi mnø a medzi Bodzechnø, tho posual po prawe, bosmi tho sandzili
- [Czso pozwał Jakub miedzy mną a miedzy Bodzechną, to pozwał po prawie, bosmy to sądzili]
- c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie, page br 10:
- Moui... pocazuiø, iz sø gresnicy ctuoracy; bo moui to slouo albo sedøcim, albo spøcim, albo lezøcim, albo uma[rłym]
- [Mowi... pokazuję, iż są grzesznicy cztwioracy; bo mowi to słowo albo siedzącym, albo śpiącym, albo leżącym, albo uma[rłym]]
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 71:
- Panye woyczye, yusz bo czyą [y] pytham na prawye... yesthly to szlubyenye moczno
- [Panie wojcie, już bo cię [i] pytam na prawie... jestli to ślubienie mocno]
References
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “bo”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “bo”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “bo”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “bo”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Papiamentu
Alternative forms
- abo (synonym)
Etymology
From Portuguese vós and Spanish vos and Kabuverdianu bo.
Peranakan Indonesian
Derived terms
- bobice'
- boheloh
- bolamsam
- bolangtjai
- boliamsim
- boloatjee
- boloei
- bopoensoe
- boseedji
- bosiangkan
- bosiauw
- bosihpoen
- bosioeki
- bosoe
- botattji
- botauwlouw
- botjay
- botjhikhi
- botjing
- botjingli
- botjwah
- boyauwkin
- boyoh
- bo gawe koen
- bodji-bobak
- bohe boloh
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish bo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɔ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈbɔ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: bo
Conjunction
bo
- because, for (by or for the cause that)
- or, or else, otherwise
- Synonyms: bo inaczej, inaczej, w przeciwnym razie, w przeciwnym wypadku
- Bo co? ― Or else what?
- Wstawaj już, bo spóźnisz się do szkoły! ― Get up now or you'll be late for school!
- because (as is known, inferred, or determined from the fact that)
- On nie jest miły, bo nie chciał dać mi swoich ciasteczek. ― He isn't nice because he didn't want to give me his cookies.
- (Middle Polish) namely
- Synonym: mianowicie
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
- also; even
- 1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 82/9:
- Moab y Agarenowie Gebalitowie j Amon y Amalech/ y cżudzoziemci z mieſzkaiącimi w Tirze. [...] Boy Aſſur prziſzedł ſnimi j ſtał ſie na pomoc ſinom Lotowym. [Etenim Assur venit cum illis: facti sunt in adiutorium filiis Loth]
- 1539, W. Wróbel, Żołtarz Dawidów, page 88/6:
- [Confitebuntur coeli mirabilia tua domine: etenim veritatem tuam in ecclesia santorum] Będą wyznawać niebioſa czuda twoie miły panie bo y prawdę twoię będę wyſlawiać w zebraniu ſwiętych.
- also; even
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
Particle
bo
- emphasizes the statement, usually in phrases of opposite meanings, or introduces a rhetorical question, denying its literal meaning
- Synonyms: bo i, bo niby
- Ładna, bo ładna, ale głupia. ― Well, she might be pretty, but she is also stupid.
- Bo to prawda? ― Is this really true?
- Bo ja wiem? ― How am I supposed to know that?
- Nigdy o tym nie mówiłem, bo i po co? ― I never talked about it because why would I?
- (with ale) may very well, but, even though, despite
- Stary, bo stary, ale mocny. ― He very well may be old, but he's still strong.
- Trudno bo trudno, ale robi się łatwiej. ― It may very well be hard, but it's getting easier.
Declension
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), bo is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 35 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 87 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 378 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 736 times, making it the 62nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “bo”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 29
Further reading
- bo in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bo in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bo”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “BO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2016 September 21
- “BO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2008 January 14
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bo”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bo”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bo”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 178
- bo in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Romagnol
References
- Ercolani, Libero (1971) Vocabolario Romagnolo-Italiano, Monte di Ravenna, page 51
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish bo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: bo
Particle
bo
- emphasizes the statement, usually in phrases of opposite meanings, or introduces a rhetorical question, denying its literal meaning
Sranan Tongo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bo/
Particle
bo
- Marker for the irrealis mood.
Related terms
- alenbo (“rainbow”)
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [buː]
audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Old Norse búa, from Proto-Germanic *būaną.
Verb
bo (present bor, preterite bodde, supine bott, imperative bo)
- (intransitive) live; dwell; reside; to have permanent residence
- Jag vill bo i en stor stad.
- I want to live in a big city.
- 1984, “Zwampen [Svampen] [The mushroom]”, in Lasse Åberg (lyrics), Janne Schaffer (music), Livet i regnskogarna [Life in the rainforests], performed by Electric Banana Band:
- Jag gillar inte höghus, sten och lättbetong. Jag trivs inte i stan, för den är grå och trång. Jag vill bo i en svamp, annars får jag kramp (svamp). Det finns hopp för min kropp i en mullig sopp (svamp). Kom ikväll, och var snäll, till min kantarell (svamp). Titta in, och ta ton, i min champinjon (svamp). Jag vill ut i skogen, i luft och rymd och ljus, och sitta framför svampen, och höra tallens sus. Jag vill bo ... [as before]. Tiderna är hårda, livet är en kamp. Det känns mycket bättre, om jag har min svamp. Jag vill bo ... [as before].
- I don't like high-rise, stone and lightweight concrete. I don't like it in the city, because it [the city] is gray and crowded [tight, cramped]. I want to live in a mushroom, otherwise I get cramps (mushroom). There is hope for my body in a chubby bolete (mushroom). Come tonight, and be nice [kind], to my chanterelle (mushroom). Stop by, and sing ["take tone" – start singing or speaking], in my champignon [common mushroom, like a button mushroom] (mushroom). I want to get out in the forest [want out in the forest], in air and space and light, and sit in front of the mushroom, and hear the sighing of the pine. I want to live ... [as before]. [The] times are hard, [the] life is a struggle. It feels much better, if I have my mushroom. I want to live ... [as before].
- 1989, Eva Dahlgren (lyrics and music), “Ängeln i rummet [The angel in the room]”:
- Det bor en ängel i mitt rum. Hon har sitt bo ovanför mitt huvud. Hon gör mej lugn. Och hon viskar till mej allt det jag säger dej.
- There is an angel living in my room [it lives an angel in my room]. She has her dwelling [usually of animals, especially nests] above my head. She puts me at ease [makes me calm]. And she whispers to me all the things that [all that (which)] I say to you.
Conjugation
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
bo n
- a dwelling (of an animal), especially a bird's nest
- fågelbo
- bird’s nest
- att bygga bo
- to build a nest / to nest ("build nest" – idiomatic phrasing)
- (poetic, extended from sense 1) a home
- sätta bo
- settle down
- 1893, Elias Sehlstedt, Visa:
- Litet bo jag sätta vill / Gård med trädgårdstäppa till, […]
- [a] little home I want to set out / [a] farm with [a] garden plot to it […]
Usage notes
- The use of "bo" as a shorthand for "bostad" and "boende" (housing) goes back at least to the 1920s, for example in the name of trade expos like "Bygge och Bo" (1925).
Declension
Declension of bo | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | bo | boet | bon | bona |
Genitive | bos | boets | bons | bonas |
Alternative form for the definite singular: bot/bots.
Declension of bo | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | bo | bon | bor | borna |
Genitive | bos | bons | bors | bornas |
References
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓɔ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓɔ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓɔ˧˧]
Welsh
Alternative forms
- byddo
West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bo/
- Rhymes: -oː
Xhosa
Yale
Zaghawa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bo/
References
- Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
Zhuang
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 坡 (pʰuɑ).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /po˨˦/
- Tone numbers: bo1
- Hyphenation: bo