枉

枉	U+6789, 枉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6789

← 枈
[U+6788]

CJK Unified Ideographs

枊 →
[U+678A]

Translingual

Han character

枉 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木一土 (DMG), four-corner 4191₄, composition ⿰木王)

Derived characters

𠶖, 㳹, 𣒳

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 514, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14530
Dae Jaweon: page 902, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1163, character 7
Unihan data for U+6789

Chinese

simp. and trad.		枉
alternative forms		抂𣒈

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (往) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
暀	ɢʷaŋs, ɢʷaŋʔ, *ɢʷaŋs
誑	kʷaŋs, ɡʷaŋ, *kʷaŋs
枉	*qʷaŋʔ
往	*ɢʷaŋ

Etymology

Related to 紆 (OC) ~ 迂 (OC *qʷa), 匡 (OC *kʰʷaŋ), 腕 (OC *qoːns), 冤 (OC *qon) (Schuessler, 2007). See 迂 (yū) for further etymology.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wǎng (wang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wong²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vóng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): óng

(Teochew, Peng'im): uang²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǎng
  - Wade–Giles: wang³
  - Yale: wǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woang
  - Palladius: ван (van)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wong²
  - Yale: wóng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wong²
  - Guangdong Romanization: wong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: vong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vong³
  - Sinological IPA: /voŋ³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: óng
  - Tâi-lô: óng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: orng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: uang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ⁵²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 枉
Mandarin	Beijing	/uɑŋ²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/uaŋ⁵³/ /uaŋ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/vɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/vaŋ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/vaŋ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/uaŋ⁵³/
	Xi'an	/uaŋ⁵³/
	Xining	/uɔ̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/vɑŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/vɑ̃⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/vɑŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/uaŋ⁴²/
	Chengdu	/uaŋ⁵³/
	Guiyang	/uaŋ⁴²/
	Kunming	/uã̠/
	Nanjing	/uaŋ²¹²/
	Hefei	/uɑ̃²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uɑŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/vɑ̃⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/uɑ̃³⁵/
	Suzhou	/uɑ̃⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔuɑŋ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠yɔ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/o³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/au³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/uan⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uɔn⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/uɔŋ²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/voŋ³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/voŋ³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɔŋ³⁵/
	Nanning	/wɔŋ³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/wɔŋ³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ɔŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/uoŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/uaŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/uaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/uaŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: 'jwangX

Rime
Character	枉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	紆往切
Baxter	'jwangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ʔiuaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/ĭwaŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔiwaŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷaŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʷaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	枉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷaŋʔ/
English	crooked; depraved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	枉
Reading #	1/1
No.	12759
Phonetic component	往
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	枉
Old Chinese	/*qʷaŋʔ/

Definitions

枉

bent; crooked
- 若以情事上而求遷者，則如引諸絕繩而求乘枉木也，愈不冀矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  若以情事上而求迁者，则如引诸绝绳而求乘枉木也，愈不冀矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3^rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version
  Ruò yǐqíng shìshàng ér qiú qiān zhě, zé rú yǐn zhū juéshéng ér qiú chéng wǎngmù yě, yù bùjì yǐ. [Pinyin]
  To strive for promotion by serving superiors with sincerity is like wishing to climb a crooked tree by holding on to a broken rope - it is even more hopeless
depraved; indecent; perverse
to distort; to twist; to bend
unjust; wrong
injustice
(literary) to condescend; to deign
in vain; to no avail; for naught
(Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) three
alt. forms: 汪

Compounds

不枉 (bùwǎng)
不枉此生
冤枉
冤枉氣／冤枉气
冤枉路
冤枉錢／冤枉钱
勿枉勿縱／勿枉勿纵
受賕枉法／受赇枉法
吃冤枉
壓枉造舌／压枉造舌
夭枉
奇冤極枉／奇冤极枉
小枉大直
屈枉
徇情枉法
昭冤申枉
枉口拔舌
枉尺直尋／枉尺直寻
枉屈
枉己正人
枉擔虛名／枉担虚名
枉斷／枉断
枉橈／枉桡
枉死 (wǎngsǐ)
枉死城
枉死羅城／枉死罗城
枉法 (wǎngfǎ)
枉然 (wǎngrán)
枉用心機／枉用心机
枉突徙薪
枉結／枉结
枉費／枉费 (wǎngfèi)
枉費心力／枉费心力
枉費心機／枉费心机
枉費心計／枉费心计
枉費日月／枉费日月
枉費時日／枉费时日
枉費脣舌／枉费唇舌
枉道
枉道事人
枉顧／枉顾
枉駕／枉驾
毋枉毋縱／毋枉毋纵
矯枉過正／矫枉过正 (jiǎowǎngguòzhèng)
矯枉過直／矫枉过直
縱曲枉直／纵曲枉直
舉直措枉／举直措枉
舞文枉法
誣枉／诬枉 (wūwǎng)
貪贓枉法／贪赃枉法 (tānzāngwǎngfǎ)
銜恨蒙枉／衔恨蒙枉

Japanese

Kanji

枉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: おう (ō)

Kan-on: おう (ō)

Kun: まがる (magaru, 枉がる); まげる (mageru, 枉げる); まげて (magete, 枉げて); むだに (mudani, 枉に)

Korean

Hanja

枉 • (wang) (hangeul 왕, revised wang, McCune–Reischauer wang, Yale wang)

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Tày

Han character

枉 (transliteration needed)

Nôm form of vường.

References

Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

枉: Hán Nôm readings: uổng

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