拄

拄	U+62C4, 拄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-62C4

← 拃
[U+62C3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

担 →
[U+62C5]

Translingual

Han character

拄 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手卜土 (QYG), four-corner 5001₄, composition ⿰扌主)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 424, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11940

Dae Jaweon: page 772, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1857, character 1

Unihan data for U+62C4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		拄
alternative forms		抵 Hokkien 遇 Hokkien “meet” 適／适 Hokkien “just”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (主) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
飳	*tʰoːʔ
妵	*tʰoːʔ
黈	*tʰoːʔ
蘣	*tʰoːʔ
罜	doːɡ, tjos
拄	*toʔ
柱	toʔ, doʔ
駐	*tos
註	tos, tjos
鉒	*tos
軴	*tos
住	tos, dos
跓	*doʔ
嵀	*doʔ
主	*tjoʔ
麈	*tjoʔ
宔	*tjoʔ
炷	tjoʔ, tjos
注	*tjos
疰	*tjos
蛀	*tjos
霔	*tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”). Cognate with 柱 (OC *toʔ, *doʔ, “post; column”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǔ (zhu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu²
Eastern Min (BUC): diū
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tú

(Teochew, Peng'im): zu² / zu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chu³
  - Yale: jǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zyu²
  - Yale: jyú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː³⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: diū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tú
  - Tâi-lô: tú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: duo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zu² / zu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsú / tsŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su⁵²/, /t͡su³⁵/

Middle Chinese: trjuX

Rime
Character	拄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	知庾切
Baxter	trjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ȶio^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*toʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	拄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ trju^X ›
Old Chinese	/*t<r>oʔ/
English	prop up, support (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	拄
Reading #	1/1
No.	17607
Phonetic component	主
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	拄
Old Chinese	/*toʔ/

Definitions

拄

to prop; to support
to lean on; to be propped up (with a stick, etc.)
(archaic) to open (one's eyes)
(literary or Hokkien, Eastern Min) to ridicule; to retort; to talk back
(archaic or Eastern Min) to prod; to poke
(literary) to block; to plug
(Hokkien) to equal; to be able to exchange one for another
(Hokkien) to cancel out
(Hokkien) to meet; to encounter
(Hokkien) just; just now; a moment ago
(Quanzhou Hokkien) to give change

Synonyms

(to prop): 支撐／支撑 (zhīchēng)
(encounter):

Dialectal synonyms of 遇 (“to encounter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		遇, 碰, 遭
Mandarin	Taiwan	遇, 碰
	Malaysia	遇, 碰
	Singapore	遇, 碰
Cantonese	Guangzhou	遇, 撞
	Hong Kong	遇, 撞
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	遇, 撞
	Singapore (Guangfu)	遇
Hakka	Meixian	遇, 撞
Southern Min	Xiamen	拄, 撞, 衝, 磅
	Quanzhou	拄, 撞, 衝
	Zhangzhou	拄, 衝
	Tainan	拄, 撞, 磅
	Penang (Hokkien)	拄
	Singapore (Hokkien)	拄
	Manila (Hokkien)	拄, 遇
	Chaozhou	遇, 堵
	Shantou	遇
	Jieyang	遇, 堵
	Singapore (Teochew)	堵
Wu	Shanghai	碰

(just now):

今仔 (Hokkien)
剛剛／刚刚 (gānggāng)
剛才／刚才 (gāngcái)
方才 (fāngcái)
暫／暂 (zàn) (literary)
站仔 (Hokkien)
適才／适才 (shìcái)

(to give change): 找 (zhǎo)

Compounds

十巴拄 (si̍p-pa-tú)
小拄
拄喙
拄好 (tú-hó)
拄才 (tú-chiah)
拄拐 (zhǔguǎi)
拄拄 (tú-tú)
拄撐／拄撑
拄杖 (zhǔzhàng)
拄牆／拄墙
拄笏
拄笏看山
拄笏西山
拄著／拄着 (tú-tio̍h)
拄頤／拄颐
拄頰／拄颊
拄頰看山／拄颊看山
搘拄
撑天拄地
撐天拄地／撑天拄地
撐拄／撑拄
撑拄
撐腸拄肚／撑肠拄肚
撐腸拄腹／撑肠拄腹
支拄
枝拄
觝拄／抵拄
通天拄杖
過頭拄杖／过头拄杖

References

“Entry #3963”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

拄

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): ちゅ (chu)

Kun: あげる (ageru, 拄げる)

Korean

Hanja

拄 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

拄: Hán Nôm readings: chủ, trụ, chỏ, chõ

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