暫

See also: 暂

暫	U+66AB, 暫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66AB

← 暪
[U+66AA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

暬 →
[U+66AC]

Translingual

Han character

暫 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十中日 (JLA), four-corner 5260₂, composition ⿱斬日)

temporary

Derived characters

𡃞𪮻𧔜𡗎

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 15

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14120

Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1533, character 3

Unihan data for U+66AB

Chinese

trad.		暫
simp.		暂
alternative forms		蹔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	zaːm, zaːmʔ, zaːms, zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	zaːmʔ, sʰam, sʰams, zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	zeːm, zaːm
嶃	zreːmʔ, zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	ʔsam, zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	zam, zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːms) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 日.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zàn, zhàn

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄢˋ, ㄓㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zan⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhiam

(Meixian, Guangdong): qiam⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): câng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chām / chiām

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziam⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ze

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zàn
  - Wade–Giles: tsan⁴
  - Yale: dzàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzann
  - Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
  - Wade–Giles: chan⁴
  - Yale: jàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaam⁶
  - Yale: jaahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zam⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiam
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiam⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: câng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
  - Tâi-lô: tsām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zam
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sam²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiām
  - Tâi-lô: tsiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciam
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siam²²/

Note:

chām - literary;
chiām - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziam⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiăm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶ze
  - MiniDict: ze^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ze
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ze²³/

Middle Chinese: dzamH

Rime
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	藏濫切
Baxter	dzamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɑm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɑm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɑm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zam^H/
Li Rong	/d͡zɑm^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zɑm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤam-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zaːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zàn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzam^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁam-s/
English	suddenly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
No.	16793
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	暫
Old Chinese	/*zaːms/

Definitions

暫

brief; momentary
短暫／短暂 ― duǎnzàn ― brief; momentary
- 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 哥林多後書 [2 Corinthians] 4:17:
  
  我們這至暫至輕的苦楚、要爲我們成就極重無比永遠的榮耀。 [MSC, trad.]
  我们这至暂至轻的苦楚、要为我们成就极重无比永远的荣耀。 [MSC, simp.]
  Wǒmen zhè zhì zàn zhì qīng de kǔchǔ, yào wèi wǒmen chéngjiù jí zhòng wúbǐ yǒngyuǎn de róngyào. [Pinyin]
  For our light affliction, which is for the moment, worketh for us more and more exceedingly an eternal weight of glory (English Revised Version)
temporarily; tentatively; for the time being
暫別／暂别 ― zànbié ― to part temporarily
(literary) just; just now
(literary) suddenly

Synonyms

(brief): 短暫／短暂 (duǎnzàn)
(tentatively):

姑且 (gūqiě)
暫且／暂且 (zànqiě)
暫時／暂时
權且／权且 (quánqiě) (literary)
權時／权时 (quánshí) (literary)
聊 (liáo) (literary, or in compounds)
臨時／临时 (línshí)
苟且 (gǒuqiě)

(just):

今仔 (Hokkien)
剛剛／刚刚 (gānggāng)
剛才／刚才 (gāngcái)
方才 (fāngcái)
站仔 (Hokkien)
適才／适才 (shìcái)

(suddenly):

一下 (yīxià)
一下子 (yīxiàzi)
一舉／一举 (yījǔ)
一頭／一头 (yītóu)
乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
倏忽 (literary)
忽地 (hūdì)
忽然 (hūrán)
𢫦𢫦風／𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)
猛 (měng)
猛然 (měngrán)
猝然 (cùrán)
突然 (tūrán)
突然間／突然间 (tūránjiān)
豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
陡然 (dǒurán)
霍然 (huòrán)
頓／顿 (literary)
頓然／顿然 (dùnrán)
驀地／蓦地
驀然／蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
驟然／骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)

Compounds

且暫／且暂
撒暫／撒暂
時來暫去／时来暂去
時暫／时暂
暫且／暂且 (zànqiě)
暫且擱下／暂且搁下
暫來／暂来
暫停／暂停 (zàntíng)
暫別／暂别 (zànbié)
暫刻／暂刻
暫勞／暂劳
暫勞永逸／暂劳永逸
暫寓／暂寓
暫往／暂往
暫息／暂息 (zànxī)
暫星／暂星
暫時／暂时
暫曉／暂晓
暫歡／暂欢
暫止／暂止
暫爾／暂尔
暫瞬／暂瞬
暫短／暂短
暫緩／暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
暫而／暂而
暫行／暂行 (zànxíng)
暫避／暂避 (zànbì)
暫雲／暂云
暫面／暂面
暫音／暂音
權暫／权暂
浮來暫去／浮来暂去
短暫／短暂 (duǎnzàn)
頃暫／顷暂

Japanese

Kanji

暫

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

temporary, transient

Readings

Go-on: ざん (zan, Jōyō)
Kan-on: さん (san)
Kun: しばらく (shibaraku, 暫く)

Compounds

暫時
暫定
久暫

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 暫 (MC dzamH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	짬〮 (Yale: ccám)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	잠ᄭᅡᆫ (Yale: cam-s-kan)	잠 (Yale: cam)

Pronunciation

(temporary; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠m]
- Phonetic hangul: [잠]
(in 잠시 (暫時, jamsi, “a moment”)):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [잠(ː)]
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 暫 (eumhun 잠깐 잠 (jamkkan jam))

Hanja form^? of 잠 (“temporary”).

Compounds

잠정 (暫定, jamjeong)
잠시 (暫時, jamsi)
잠간 (暫間, jamgan)
잠류 (暫留, jamnyu)
잠별 (暫別, jambyeol)
잠차 (暫借, jamcha)
잠허 (暫許, jamheo)
잠혁 (暫革, jamhyeok)
잠벌 (暫罰, jambeol)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

暫: Hán Nôm readings: tạm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

tạm biệt [暫別]

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