iste
Aragonese
Alternative forms
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /isteː/, [ˈisˌtˢeːˀ]
- Rhymes: -eːˀ
Further reading
iste on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Estonian
Etymology
Related to istuma. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Declension
Declension of iste (ÕS type 5/liige, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | iste | istmed | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | istme | ||
genitive | istmete | ||
partitive | istet | istmeid | |
illative | istmesse | istmetesse istmeisse | |
inessive | istmes | istmetes istmeis | |
elative | istmest | istmetest istmeist | |
allative | istmele | istmetele istmeile | |
adessive | istmel | istmetel istmeil | |
ablative | istmelt | istmetelt istmeilt | |
translative | istmeks | istmeteks istmeiks | |
terminative | istmeni | istmeteni | |
essive | istmena | istmetena | |
abessive | istmeta | istmeteta | |
comitative | istmega | istmetega |
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *esto, from Proto-Indo-European *só, with only the second part declining.
Cognate with Lepontic 𐌉𐌑𐌏𐌔 (iśos) and Albanian ashtu. See also tum, tam.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈis.te/, [ˈɪs̠t̪ɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈis.te/, [ˈist̪e]
Determiner
iste (feminine ista, neuter istud); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)
- (determiner) that (near you); those (in the plural)
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.702-703:
- [...] Et suprā caput adstitit: “Hunc ego Dītī
sacrum iussa ferō, tēque istō corpore solvō.”- And [Iris] placed herself just above [Dido’s] head: “Having been ordered [to do so], I am bringing this [lock of hair as] a sacred offering to Dis, and I release [your spirit] from that body [which was yours].”
(See: Dis Pater.)
- And [Iris] placed herself just above [Dido’s] head: “Having been ordered [to do so], I am bringing this [lock of hair as] a sacred offering to Dis, and I release [your spirit] from that body [which was yours].”
- [...] Et suprā caput adstitit: “Hunc ego Dītī
- (pronoun) that one (near you); that (thing); those ones (in the plural); those (things); he, she, it
Usage notes
- This demonstrative determiner/pronoun is used to refer to a person or thing, or persons or things, near the listener. It contrasts with hic (“this”), which refers to people or things near the speaker, and ille (“that”), which refers to people or things far from both speaker and listener.
- As Latin had no person pronouns specifically meaning "he", "she" or "it", any of ille, iste, hic or (most frequently) is could assume that function.
- In Classical usage, iste frequently has a secondary, pejorative function of casting the referent in a negative light; for example, iste homō tends to mean "that (infamous/no good) man". This is opposite to ille, which is often used to cast the referent in a positive light. For example:
- "Iste," inquit, "sceleribus suis tollētur."
- "That man," he said, "will be taken away for his crimes."
- For this reason, iste is often avoided in Classical usage as a neutral demonstrative. However, the pejorative function was missing or disappeared in Vulgar Latin, where iste was frequently used as a simple demonstrative and eventually came to replace hic in the meaning "this" (cf. Spanish este), sometimes strengthened with ecce (cf. French cet from Old French cist) or with eccum (cf. Italian questo).
Declension
Demonstrative pronoun (pronominal).
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | iste | ista | istud | istī | istae | ista | |
Genitive | istī̆us | istōrum | istārum | istōrum | |||
Dative | istī | istīs | |||||
Accusative | istum | istam | istud | istōs | istās | ista | |
Ablative | istō | istā | istō | istīs |
Coordinate terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Balkan Romance:
- Romanian: ăst
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance
References
- Sornicola, Rosanna. 2011. Per la storia dei dimostrativi romanzi: i tipi neutri [tso], [so], [ço], [tʃo] e la diacronia dei dimostrativi latini. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 127. 1–80. §2.1.1.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ĭste”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 820
Further reading
- “iste”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- iste in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- men of that profession: qui ista profitentur
- men of that profession: qui ista profitentur
Norwegian Bokmål
References
- “iste” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Serbo-Croatian
Adjective
iste
- inflection of isti:
- feminine genitive singular
- feminine nominative/accusative/vocative plural
- masculine accusative plural
Swedish
Declension
Declension of iste | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | iste | isteet | isteer | isteerna |
Genitive | istes | isteets | isteers | isteernas |
References
Turkish
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
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