umquam

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Perhaps from *quomquam, from quom (later cum) and quam (“any”). Compare cumque.

Pronunciation

Adverb

umquam (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly in the negative) at any time, ever; (with negative) never
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.246–247:
      “Tunc etiam fātīs aperit Cassandra futūrīs
      ōra deī iussū nōn umquam crēdita Teucrīs.”
      “Then once more Cassandra had spoken, revealing the future: A voice [which], by decree of a god, the Trojans were never to believe.”
      (See also: Cassandra.)

Usage notes

Most frequently in negative clauses, sometimes also in interrogations and in conditional clauses; but very seldom in affirmations

Synonyms

Derived terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
typedemonstrativeanaphoricidentityinterrogative/
relative		indefinitenegativeother
proximalmedialdistalrelativeindefiniteuniversalfree choicenegative polarity
basic hiciste, isticille, illicisipse, īdemquis/quīquisquis, quīcumquequis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiamquisquequīvis, quīlibetquisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquamnēmō, nihil, nūllusalius
dual uterutercumquealteruteruterqueutervīs, uterlibetneuteralter
place hīcistīcillīcibī̆ibī̆demubī̆ubiubi, ubī̆cumquealicubī, uspiamubīqueubivīs, ubilibetusquamnusquam, nūllibīalibī, aliās
source hincistincillincindeindidemundeundecumque, undeundealicundeundique°undelibetaliunde
destination hūc, °hōrsumistūc, °istōrsumillūc, °illōrsumeōeōdemquō, quōrsumquōquō, quōcumquealiquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsumquōvīs, quōlibetquōquamnusquam, nūllōrsumaliō, aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place		 hācistācillāceāeādemquāquāquā, quācumquealiquāquāquequāvīs, quālibetnēquāquam, haudquāquamaliā
manner hōc modōistō modōillō modōita, sīc,
eō modō		item, itidemut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodumutut, utcumque, quōmodocumquequī, quōdam modō, aliquō modōutiquequōmodolibetūllō modōnūllō modōaliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time num, nuncōlimtum, tuncsimulquandō, ‡cumcumque, quandōcumque, quandōquequondam, aliquandōquandōquequandōlibetumquamnumquamaliās
quantity tam†tamen, †tandemquam†quamquamaliquamquamvīs, quamlibet
size tantustantusdemquantusquantuscumquealiquantusquantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality tālisquālisquālis, quāliscumquealiquālisquālislibet
number tottotidemquotquotquot, quotcumquealiquotquotlibet
order totusquotusquotuscumquealiquotusquotuslibet
repetition totiēnsquotiēnsquotiēnscumquealiquotiēnsquotiēnslibet
multiplication totuplexquotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

Descendants

Several forms reflect the addition of an adverbial /-s/.

  • Balkan Romance:
    • Romanian: încă
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Old Ligurian: unca
    • Old Lombard: unca, uncha, unchan
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Occitano-Romance:
    • Old Occitan: oncas (central), onc, unques (Béarn)
      • Occitan: onc (Rouergue)

References

Further reading
  • “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • umquam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1)
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