dod
English
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /dɑd/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /dɒd/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ɒd
Etymology 3
From Middle English dodden.
Alternative forms
Verb
dod (third-person singular simple present dods, present participle dodding, simple past and past participle dodded)
- (transitive) to cut off, as wool from sheep's tails, or horns from a cattle; to lop or clip off[1]
- 1845, The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Perth:
- Angus-shire dodded cattle
- 1906, The Flock Book of Wensleydale Blue-faced Sheep, page 57:
- Messrs. Toogood and Son’s Bronze Championship Medal for best dodded sheep of any pure breed.
Etymology 4
Abbreviation of "Tommy Dodd". [2]
Noun
dod (plural dods)
- (rail transport, UK) A ground signal, such as a shunting disc.
- 1951 October, Norman Crump, “Signalling at Thorpe-le-Soken”, in Railway Magazine, page 649:
- Shunting discs (or "dods") are generously provided, and following modern practice, most of them permit a movement in any direction for which the road is set.
References
- “dod”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- The Signalling Record Society
See also
- hoddy-dod (etymologically unrelated)
Irish
Etymology 1
Related to Scottish Gaelic dod; both are of uncertain origin, perhaps imitative.
Declension
Contraction
dod (triggers lenition)
Related terms
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
dod | dhod | ndod |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “dod”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “dod”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “dod” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “dod” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “dod”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN, page dod
Latvian
Welsh
Alternative forms
- dyfod (literary)
- dŵad (North Wales)
Etymology
From older, now literary, dyfod, from Middle Welsh dyuot. A highly suppletive verb. The verbal noun is from dy- + bod (“to be”). The other forms are from Proto-Celtic *toageti, itself also a suppletive verb (stemming from *h₂eǵ- and *pelh₂-). See also Old Irish do·aig (“to drive off”). See also mynd, which inherited the unprefixed counterparts of this verb. The second-person singular imperative forms additionally stem from a prefixed form of *reteti.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /doːd/
- Rhymes: -oːd
Verb
dod (first-person singular present dof)
- to come
- Mae hi'n dod o Abertawe.
- She comes from Swansea.
- Mae e'n dod i Gaerdydd. (Southern)
- He is coming to Cardiff.
- Dw i'n dŵad o Fangor. (Northern)
- I come from Bangor.
- Dan ni'n dŵad adre 'fory. (Northern)
- We're coming home tomorrow.
- Mae Dafydd yn dod o'r dde yn wreiddiol, ond mae o'n byw 'ma rŵan. (Northern)
- Dafydd comes from the south originally, but he lives here now.
- Wnes i ddod. (an example of the Preterite II construction)
- I came.
- to become (followed by yn + noun or adjective)
- dod yn ddyn perffaith ― to become a perfect person
- dod yn fawr ― to become big
Conjugation
Literary forms | singular | plural | impersonal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
present indicative/future | deuaf, dof | deui, doi | daw, dêl | deuwn, down | deuwch, dewch, dowch | deuant, dônt | deuir, doir |
imperfect indicative/conditional | deuwn, down | deuit, doit, deuet | deuai, dôi | deuem, doem | deuech, doech | deuent, doent | deuid, doid, doed |
preterite | deuthum | daethost | daeth | daethom | daethoch | daethont, daethant | daethpwyd, deuwyd, doed, dowd |
pluperfect | daethwn | daethit | daethai | daethem | daethech | daethent | daethid |
present subjunctive | delwyf | delych, delech | dêl, delo | delom | deloch | delont | deler |
imperfect subjunctive | delwn | delit | delai | delem | delech | delent | delid |
imperative | — | dere, tyrd, tyred | deued, doed, deled | deuwn, down | deuwch, dewch, dowch | deuent, doent, delent | deuer, doer, deler |
verbal noun | dod, dyfod, dywad, dŵad | ||||||
verbal adjectives | dyfodol |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
preterite | des i, dois i, deles i, deses i, dethes i, detho i |
dest ti, doist ti, delest ti, desest ti, dethest ti |
daeth o/e/hi, dôth o/e/hi, delodd e/hi, desodd e/hi, dethodd e/hi |
daethon ni, delon ni, deson ni, dethon ni |
daethoch chi, deloch chi, desoch chi, dethoch chi |
daethon nhw, delon nhw, deson nhw, dethon nhw | |
future | dof i, do i, daf i, da i | doi di, dei di | daw o/e/hi, deith o/e/hi, deiff e/hi | down ni, dawn ni, dewn ni | dewch chi | dôn nhw, dân nhw, dewn nhw | |
conditional | down i, delwn i, delen i, deswn i, dethwn i |
doet ti, delet ti, deset ti, dethet ti |
dôi o/e/hi, delai fe/hi, desai fe/hi, dethai fe/hi |
doen ni, delen ni, desen ni, dethen ni |
doech chi, delech chi, desech chi, dethech chi |
doen nhw, delen nhw, desen nhw, dethen nhw | |
imperative | — | tyrd, dere | — | — | dewch, dowch | — | |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |