trí

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tri"

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1
Irish cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : trí
    Ordinal : tríú
    Personal : triúr

From Old Irish trí, from Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Numeral

trí

  1. three
Usage notes
  • May be used with nouns in both the singular and plural; the singular is more common in general, but the plural must be used with units of measurement and the like. Triggers lenition of nouns in the singular and h-prothesis of nouns in the plural:
  • trí chat ― three cats
  • trí troithe ― three feet
  • trí héin ― three birds
  • When used with the definite article, the definite article is always in the plural. When used with adjectives, the adjective is also in the plural and is always lenited after nouns in the singular; after nouns in the plural, the adjective only lenites after slender consonants:
  • trí chapall bhána ― three white horses
  • na trí eaglais mhóra ― the three big churches
But:
  • trí capaill bhána ― three white horses
  • na trí heaglaisí móra ― the three big churches
  • When referring to human beings, the personal form triúr is used.
Alternative forms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish tri, tre, from Old Irish tri, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trē (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).

Preposition

trí (plus dative, triggers lenition, before the definite article in singular tríd)

  1. through
Inflection
Inflection of trí
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. tríom tríomsa
2d person sing. tríot tríotsa
3d sing. masc. tríd trídsean
3d sing. fem. tríthi tríthise
1st person pl. trínn trínne
2d person pl. tríbh tríbhse
3d person pl. tríothu tríothusan
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Irish preposition contractions
Basic form Contracted with Copular forms
an (“the sg”)na (“the pl”)mo (“my”)do (“your”)a (“his, her, their; which (present)”)ár (“our”)ar (“which (past)”)(before consonant)(present/future before vowel)(past/conditional before vowel)
de (“from”)dende na
desna*		de mo
dem*		de do
ded*, det*		dá dárdardarbdarbh
do (“to, for”)dondo na
dosna*		do mo
dom*		do do
dod*, dot*		dá dárdardarbdarbh
faoi (“under, about”)faoinfaoi nafaoi mofaoi dofaoinafaoinár faoinarfaoinarbfaoinarbh
i (“in”)sa, sansnai mo
im*		i do
id*, it*		inainár inarinarbinarbh
le (“with”)leis anleis nale mo
lem*		le do
led*, let*		lenalenár lenarlenarblenarbh
ó (“from, since”)ónó na
ósna*		ó mo
óm*		ó do
ód*, ót*		ónaónár ónarónarbónarbh
trí (“through”)tríd antrí natrí motrí dotrínatrínár trínartrínarbtrínarbh
*Dialectal.

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
trí thrí dtrí
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 47
  2. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 93

Further reading

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir, English three.

Pronunciation
  • (Setesdal) IPA(key): [tʰræɪ̯]

Numeral

trí m (feminine trjå, neuter trjú)

  1. (dialectal, Setesdal) three
    ‘Er æ trí gúta, trjå jentu, å trjú bórd.
    There are three lads, three girls, and three tables.

See also

References

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *trīs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tʲrʲi/, /tʲrʲiː/

Numeral
Old Irish cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : trí
    Ordinal : tris
    Male personal : tríar

trí (feminine teoir)

  1. three
Usage notes

When attributively (before a noun) it is generally written tri and was probably also pronounced short:

tri anman (/tʲrʲi h-/) ― three names

When used substantively it was always written and pronounced long trí:

i n-aeclis no thríi (/tʲrʲiː/) ― in a church or in three
Inflection
Irregular numeral
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative tríH teoir, téoraH tríL
Vocative
Accusative téoraH
Genitive tríN téoraN tríN
Dative trib téoraib trib
Notes Initial mutations of a following noun:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

In archaic texts the form tre also occurs for nom./acc. neuter as well as gen. masculine.

Derived terms
  • tréde (“three things”)
  • tretheng (“trio”)
  • tree (“third”)
  • trían (“third part”)
  • tríar (“trio”)
  • trícho (“thirty”)
Descendants
  • Middle Irish: trí

Preposition

trí

  1. Alternative spelling of tri

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
trí thrí trí
pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Vendryes, Joseph (1959–96) “trí”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume T U, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page T-139f.

Further reading

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 智.

Noun

trí

  1. wisdom; knowledge; intelligence
  2. (figurative) mind

Adjective

trí

  1. wise; intelligent; astute

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese reading of various Chinese characters.

Romanization

trí

  1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 智
  2. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 置
  3. Sino-Vietnamese reading of 致
Derived terms

Anagrams
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