赤
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Translingual
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Han character
赤 (Kangxi radical 155, 赤+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土中弓金 (GLNC), four-corner 40331, composition ⿱土⿻小丿(GTJKV) or ⿱土⿻小丨(H))
- Kangxi radical #155, ⾚.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1213, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36993
- Dae Jaweon: page 1680, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3506, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8D64
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 赤 | |||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 大 (“person, big”) + 火 (“fire”) – the color of fire (a person by a fire).
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. |
赤 | |
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alternative forms | 灻 𤆍 烾 ancient 刺 Hokkien |
Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krak (“blood; red”), whence Tibetan ཁྲག (khrag, “blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Related to 赫 (OC *qʰraːɡ, “bright red”) and possibly 奭 (OC *hjaɡ, “majestic; red”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
赤
- (literary or poetic) red, crimson
- 莫赤匪狐,莫黑匪烏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Mò chì fěi hú, mò hēi fěi wū. [Pinyin]
- Nothing red is seen but foxes,
Nothing black but crows.
莫赤匪狐,莫黑匪乌。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Teochew) brown
- loyal; sincere
- 赤忱 ― chìchén ― absolutely sincere
- empty; bare
- to be naked
- (politics) revolutionary; communist; red
- 赤化 ― chìhuà ― to communize; to turn Red
- pure gold
- (Hokkien) lean (of meat)
- (Hokkien) to brown (to cook something until it becomes brown)
- (Hokkien) fierce and unreasonable; tough and unable to talk sense (especially of a woman)
- (Mainland China Hokkien) poor; impoverished
Synonyms
- (red):
- (poor):
- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮/困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
- 困難/困难
- 困頓/困顿 (kùndùn)
- 宋凶 (Hokkien)
- 散 (Hokkien)
- 散凶 (Hokkien)
- 散赤 (Hokkien)
- 清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
- 清貧/清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽/硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
- 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
- 窮/穷 (qióng)
- 窮乏/穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
- 窮困/穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 窮㾪/穷㾪 (Hokkien)
- 窮苦/穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
- 窮赤/穷赤 (Hokkien)
- 艱苦/艰苦 (Hokkien)
- 苦寒 (kǔhán)
- 貧乏/贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧困/贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧寒/贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧瘠/贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
- 貧窮/贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧苦/贫苦 (pínkǔ)
Variety | Location | Words |
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Classical Chinese | 貧, 窮 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 窮, 貧窮, 窮困, 貧困, 赤貧, 貧乏, 貧苦, 貧寒, 苦寒 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 窮, 貧窮 |
Yantai (Muping) | 窮 | |
Luoyang | 窮 | |
Wanrong | 窮 | |
Xi'an | 窮 | |
Yinchuan | 窮 | |
Chengdu | 苦寒 | |
Nanjing | 窮 | |
Singapore | 窮, 貧窮, 窮苦 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 窮 |
Hong Kong | 窮 | |
Taishan | 窮 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 窮 |
Pingxiang | 窮 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 窮 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 窮 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 窮無 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 窮 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 宋凶, 㾪赤, 窮㾪, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 |
Quanzhou | 宋凶, 窮赤, 赤窮, 赤 | |
Hui'an | 窮赤 | |
Zhangzhou | 宋凶, 散, 散赤, 赤 | |
Tainan | 散, 散赤, 散食, 散凶, 窮赤, 窮散, 窮苦 | |
Raoping | 磽 | |
Shantou | 窮, 磽 | |
Jieyang | 窮, 磽 | |
Leizhou | 窮, 蒯 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 窮 |
Suzhou | 窮 | |
Danyang | 窮 | |
Hangzhou | 窮 | |
Jinhua | 倒灶 |
Compounds
- 一寸赤心
- 一片赤心
- 保兀赤
- 兀剌赤
- 光赤
- 努爾哈赤/努尔哈赤 (Nǔ'ěrhāchì)
- 博爾赤/博尔赤
- 噴赤河/喷赤河 (Pēnchìhé)
- 寶兒赤/宝儿赤
- 小赤 (Xiǎochì)
- 小赤老
- 後赤壁賦/后赤壁赋
- 忠心赤膽/忠心赤胆
- 急赤白臉/急赤白脸
- 打赤腳/打赤脚 (dǎchìjiǎo)
- 打赤膊 (dǎ chìbó)
- 月書赤繩/月书赤绳
- 母哈赤
- 火裡赤/火里赤
- 白兔赤烏/白兔赤乌 (báitùchìwū)
- 白眉赤眼
- 眉間赤/眉间赤
- 神州赤縣/神州赤县
- 站赤 (zhànchì)
- 精赤條條/精赤条条
- 耳紅面赤/耳红面赤
- 臉紅耳赤/脸红耳赤
- 葉赤鐵路/叶赤铁路
- 裸身赤體/裸身赤体
- 貝赤/贝赤
- 貿易赤字/贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
- 赤仄
- 赤伏符
- 赤佬
- 赤俄 (chì'é)
- 赤光光
- 赤兔 (Chìtù)
- 赤力力
- 赤化 (chìhuà)
- 赤卒
- 赤口毒舌
- 赤口白舌
- 赤土 (Chìtǔ)
- 赤土陶器 (chì tǔ táoqì)
- 赤地 (chìdì)
- 赤地千里
- 赤城 (Chìchéng)
- 赤塔 (Chìtǎ)
- 赤墀
- 赤壁 (Chìbì)
- 赤壁之戰/赤壁之战
- 赤壁懷古/赤壁怀古
- 赤壁賦/赤壁赋
- 赤壁鏖兵
- 赤子 (chìzǐ)
- 赤子之心 (chìzǐzhīxīn)
- 赤字 (chìzì)
- 赤字財政/赤字财政
- 赤字預算/赤字预算
- 赤小豆 (chìxiǎodòu)
- 赤尻
- 赤山 (Chìshān)
- 赤崁 (Chìkàn)
- 赤崁樓/赤崁楼
- 赤嵌樓/赤嵌楼
- 赤巴巴
- 赤帝 (chìdì)
- 赤帝子
- 赤帶/赤带
- 赤幘/赤帻 (chìzé)
- 赤心 (chìxīn)
- 赤心忠膽/赤心忠胆
- 赤忱 (chìchén)
- 赤手
- 赤才 (Chìcái)
- 赤手空拳 (chìshǒukōngquán)
- 赤手起家
- 赤揚/赤扬
- 赤族 (chìzú)
- 赤日 (chìrì)
- 赤星
- 赤松 (chìsōng)
- 赤松子
- 赤條條/赤条条
- 赤條精光/赤条精光
- 赤棒
- 赤楊/赤杨
- 赤津津
- 赤溪河 (Chìxīhé)
- 赤潮 (chìcháo)
- 赤熱/赤热
- 赤狐 (chìhú)
- 赤狗日
- 赤瑕
- 赤留出律
- 赤痢 (chìlì)
- 赤白痢
- 赤眉 (Chìméi)
- 赤眼卵蜂
- 赤石
- 赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
- 赤磷
- 赤禍/赤祸
- 赤立
- 赤箭
- 赤米
- 赤紅/赤红 (chìhóng)
- 赤經/赤经 (chìjīng)
- 赤緊的/赤紧的
- 赤緯/赤纬 (chìwěi)
- 赤練蛇/赤练蛇
- 赤縣/赤县 (Chìxiàn)
- 赤縣神州/赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu)
- 赤繩綰足/赤绳绾足
- 赤繩繫足/赤绳系足
- 赤翡翠
- 赤老 (chìlǎo)
- 赤背 (chìbèi)
- 赤腳/赤脚 (chìjiǎo)
- 赤腳大仙/赤脚大仙
- 赤腳漢/赤脚汉
- 赤腳醫生/赤脚医生 (chìjiǎo yīshēng)
- 赤膊 (chìbó)
- 赤膊上陣/赤膊上阵 (chìbóshàngzhèn)
- 赤膽/赤胆
- 赤膽忠心/赤胆忠心
- 赤膽忠肝/赤胆忠肝
- 赤舌燒城/赤舌烧城
- 赤色 (chìsè)
- 赤色中國/赤色中国
- 赤色國際/赤色国际
- 赤芍 (chìsháo)
- 赤蛙
- 赤血丹心
- 赤血鹽/赤血盐 (chìxuèyán)
- 赤衛軍/赤卫军
- 赤衣
- 赤衣使者
- 赤裸 (chìluǒ)
- 赤裸裸 (chìluǒluǒ)
- 赤誠/赤诚 (chìchéng)
- 赤豆 (chìdòu)
- 赤貧/赤贫 (chìpín)
- 赤貧如洗/赤贫如洗
- 赤資資/赤资资
- 赤赤哈哈
- 赤足 (chìzú)
- 赤身 (chìshēn)
- 赤身裸體/赤身裸体
- 赤身露體/赤身露体 (chìshēnlùtǐ)
- 赤軍旅/赤军旅
- 赤道 (chìdào)
- 赤道儀/赤道仪
- 赤道幾尼亞/赤道几尼亚
- 赤道洋流
- 赤道群島/赤道群岛
- 赤道雨林
- 赤道非洲
- 赤道面
- 赤金 (chìjīn)
- 赤鉛礦/赤铅矿
- 赤銅/赤铜 (chìtóng)
- 赤銜/赤衔
- 赤銅礦/赤铜矿
- 赤鐵礦/赤铁矿 (chìtiěkuàng)
- 赤雅
- 赤電/赤电
- 赤露 (chìlù)
- 赤面 (chìmiàn)
- 赤馬港/赤马港 (Chìmǎgǎng)
- 赤體/赤体 (chìtǐ)
- 赤鯶公/赤𩽼公
- 赤黴素/赤霉素 (chìméisù)
- 達魯花赤/达鲁花赤
- 金融赤字
- 鏖兵赤壁
- 面紅耳赤/面红耳赤 (miànhóng'ěrchì)
- 面紅面赤/面红面赤
Descendants
- → Proto-Mien: *sekᴰ (“red”)
Etymology 2
simp. and trad. |
赤 | |
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alternative forms | 𣤩 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 刺?”)
Pronunciation
Definitions
赤
Synonyms
Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 赤 – see 刺 (“a pointed structure which is able to pierce something; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 刺). |
Notes:
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Japanese
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Readings
Compounds
- 赤子 (akago)
- 赤字 (akaji)
- 赤ちゃん (akachan)
- 赤土 (akatsuchi), 赭土 (akatsuchi)
- 赤面 (akatsura), 赭面 (akatsura)
- 赤の他人 (aka no tanin)
- 赤恥 (akahaji)
- 赤羽太 (akahata)
- 赤裸 (akahadaka)
- 赤まんま (akamanma)
- 赤身 (akami)
- 赤銅 (shakudō)
- 赤熱 (shakunetsu)
- 赤烏 (sekiu)
- 赤外 (sekigai): infrared
- 赤子 (sekishi)
- 赤日 (sekijitsu)
- 赤手 (sekishu)
- 赤十字 (Sekijūji): the Red Cross
- 赤心 (sekishin)
- 赤誠 (sekisei): sincerity
- 赤沈 (sekichin)
- 赤鉄鉱 (sekitekkō)
- 赤土 (sekido)
- 赤道 (sekidō)
- 赤熱 (sekinetsu)
- 赤飯 (sekihan)
- 赤貧 (sekihin)
- 赤面 (sekimen)
- 赤裸 (sekira)
- 赤痢 (sekiri)
- 赤燐 (sekirin)
- 赤化 (sekka), 赤化 (sekika)
- 赤禍 (sekka), 赤禍 (sekika)
- 赤血球 (sekkekkyū)
- 赤信号 (akashingō): red light
Etymology
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 赤の他人 (aka no tanin)
- 赤恥 (akahaji)
- 赤裸 (akahadaka)
- 赤紫 (akamurasaki)
See also
白 (shiro) | 灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) (dated) |
黒 (kuro) |
赤 (aka); 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro), 茜色 (akaneiro) |
オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro); 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
黄色 (kiiro); クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) |
黄緑 (kimidori) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
若緑 (wakamidori) |
シアン (shian); 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 水色 (mizuiro) | 青 (ao) |
菫色 (sumireiro); 藍色 (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) |
マゼンタ (mazenta), 赤紫 (akamurasaki); 紫 (murasaki) |
ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
Kunigami
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hakaː/
Miyako
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aka/
Northern Amami-Oshima
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [akʰa]
Okinawan
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔaka/
Vietnamese
Compounds
- 赤壁 (Xích Bích, “Red Cliffs”)
- 赤經 (xích kinh, “right ascension”)
- 赤緯 (xích vĩ, “declination”)
- 赤道 (xích đạo, “equator”)
Yaeyama
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔaka/
Yonaguni
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aɡa/