灘

See also: 滩
灘 U+7058, 灘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7058
← 灗
[U+7057] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灙 →
[U+7059]

Translingual

Han character

灘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+19, 22 strokes, cangjie input 水廿人土 (ETOG), four-corner 30114, composition ⿰氵難)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 663, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18784
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1072, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1794, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7058

Chinese
trad. 灘
simp. 滩
alternative forms 潬／𬈁 ancient

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 灘
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
儺 *naːl
臡 *naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆 *n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹 *n̥ʰaːn
攤 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱 *n̥ʰaːn
歎 *n̥ʰaːns
難 *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯 *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢 *hnaːns
戁 *rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • thoaⁿ - vernacular;
  • than - literary.
Rime
Character 灘 灘 灘
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 曉 (32) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 寒 (61) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) I I I
Fanqie 他干切 呼旱切 奴案切
Baxter than xanX nanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰɑn/ /hɑnX/ /nɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰɑn/ /hɑnX/ /nɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɑn/ /xɑnX/ /nɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰan/ /hanX/ /nanH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰɑn/ /xɑnX/ /nɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰɑn/ /xɑnX/ /nɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰɑn/ /xɑnX/ /nɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tān hǎn nàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 taan1 hon2 naan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 灘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ than ›
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ˁar/ (E dialect: *n̥ˁ- > MC th-)
English foreshore

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 灘 灘 灘 灘
Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
No. 4891 4901 4902 4908
Phonetic
component		 暵 暵 暵 暵
Rime
group		 元 元 元 元
Rime
subdivision		 1 1 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 灘 攤 䍐 漢
Old
Chinese		 /*n̥ʰaːn/ /*naːns/ /*hnaːnʔ/ /*hnaːns/
Notes 原隹作鳥據旱韻又音校改

Definitions

灘

  1. shoal
  2. beach
  3. Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool; puddle

Synonyms
  • (classifier for liquid or paste): (Sichuanese) 𣲩 (pá)

Compounds

References

Japanese
Shinjitai
(extended)		 Shinjitai
(extended)
灘󠄀
灘+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
灘󠄂
灘+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai 灘
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See here for details.

Kanji
灘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
灘
なだ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *nanta.

Pronunciation

Noun

灘(なだ) • (nada) 

  1. area of a sea or an ocean with strong winds or surging waves; rough sea
    玄界(げんかい)灘(なだ)
    Genkai Nada
    Genkai Sea

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 灘 (MC than). Recorded as Middle Korean 탄 (than) (Yale: than) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 灘 (eumhun 여울 탄 (yeoul tan))

  1. Hanja form? of 탄 (“shoal”).

Compounds
Compounds
  • 한탄강 (漢灘江, Hantan'gang, “Hantan River”)
  • 신탄진 (新灘津, Sintanjin, “Sintanjin-dong”)
  • 광탄천 (鑛灘川, Gwangtancheon)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

灘: Hán Nôm readings: than

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