儺

儺 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+19, 21 strokes, cangjie input 人廿人土 (OTOG), four-corner 2021₄, composition ⿰亻難)

1. rich

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 121, character 42
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1317
• Dae Jaweon: page 257, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 238, character 16
• Unihan data for U+513A

Historical forms of the character 儺
Small seal script s05699 Transcribed ancient scripts L32393 L08510
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːl) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-n/t (“ill, pain, difficult, evil spirit”).

儺

1. ^† to walk gracefully; to move to the measured steps

   • 巧笑之瑳、佩玉之儺。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     巧笑之瑳、佩玉之傩。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Qiǎoxiào zhī cuō, pèiyù zhī nuó. [Pinyin]

     How shine the white teeth through the artful smiles!
     How the girdle gems move to the measured steps!

2. Used in 猗儺／猗傩 (“beautiful; graceful”).
3. ^† to expel demons of illness; to exorcise

   • 鄉人飲酒，杖者出，斯出矣。鄉人儺，朝服而立於阼階。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     乡人饮酒，杖者出，斯出矣。乡人傩，朝服而立于阼阶。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Xiāng rén yǐn jiǔ, zhàng zhě chū, sī chū yǐ. Xiāng rén nuó, cháo fú ér lì yú zuò jiē. [Pinyin]

     When the villagers were drinking together, upon those who carried staffs going out, he went out immediately after.
     When the villagers were going through their ceremonies to drive away pestilential influences, he put on his court robes and stood on the eastern steps.

4. Nuo ceremony

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. exorcism

• Go-on: な (na)
• Kan-on: だ (da)
• Kun: おにやらい (oniyarai, 儺)

From Middle Chinese 儺／傩 (na).

• IPA^(key): [na̠]

儺(な) • (na) 

1. driving away the gods of disease
   • 1972 [1688], Kaibara Chiken, Nihon saijiki [Japan almanac]‎, page 140:

     かゝ(か)る虚(きょ)誕(たん)の説(せつ)をば、その是(ぜ)非(ひ)をあらそはんも口(くち)おしければやみぬ。されば儺(な)は疫(えき)をおいはらふことなり。

     Kakaru kyotan no setsu o ba, sono zehi o arasowan mo kuchioshikereba yaminu. Sareba na wa eki o oiharau koto nari.

     It would be a pity to try to prove such a false exaggerated theory right or wrong, so I'll stop. So na rituals are to drive out the epidemic.

儺 (eum 나 (na))

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儺: Hán Nôm readings: na

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.