損

See also: 损

損	U+640D, 損 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-640D

← 搌
[U+640C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

搎 →
[U+640E]

Translingual

Han character

損 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 手口月金 (QRBC), four-corner 5608₆, composition ⿰扌員)

Derived characters

𨆥

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 446, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12459
Dae Jaweon: page 796, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1931, character 10
Unihan data for U+640D

Chinese

trad.		損
simp.		损
alternative forms		扻 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (員) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
員	ɢon, ɢun
圓	*ɢon
塤	*qʰon
損	*sqʰuːnʔ
縜	*ɢun
隕	*ɢunʔ
殞	*ɢunʔ
溳	ɢunʔ, ɢun
磒	*ɢunʔ
霣	*ɢunʔ
愪	ɢunʔ, ɢun
勛	*qʰun
鄖	*ɢun
篔	*ɢun
貟	ɢun, ɢuns
韻	*ɢʷɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰuːnʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sǔn (sun³)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syun²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sún
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sún / sńg / súiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): sung²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sǔn
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǔn
  - Wade–Giles: sun³
  - Yale: swǔn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soen
  - Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ən²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: syun²
  - Yale: syún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn²
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sún
  - Hakka Romanization System: sun`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sun³
  - Sinological IPA: /sun³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún
  - Tâi-lô: sún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suon
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sńg
  - Tâi-lô: sńg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngr
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sŋ̍⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: súiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: suínn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svuie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁵³/

Note:

sún - literary;
sńg/súiⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: súng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: swonX

Rime
Character	損
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇本切
Baxter	swonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/suon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/suən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swən^X/
Li Rong	/suən^X/
Wang Li	/suən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/suən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǔn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-q]ʷˤə[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sqʰuːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	損
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sǔn
Middle Chinese	‹ swon^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[s-q]ʷˁə[n]ʔ/
English	diminish, damage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	損
Reading #	1/1
No.	16202
Phonetic component	員
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	損
Old Chinese	/*sqʰuːnʔ/

Definitions

損

to reduce; to decrease; to cut; to diminish
Antonym: 益 (yì)
to harm; to cause destruction to; to damage
to lose; to forfeit
損失／损失 ― sǔnshī ― to lose
loss; decrease; reduction
- 滿招損，謙受益。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  满招损，谦受益。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Mǎn zhāo sǔn, qiān shòu yì. [Pinyin]
  Pride brings loss, and humility receives increase.
(colloquial) to make sarcastic remarks; to act meanly; to mock
(colloquial, chiefly of remarks) acrimonious; caustic; biting; mean (Can we add an example for this sense?) (especially Min Nan)
(Cantonese) to be injured, in the form of an abrasion

Synonyms

(to reduce):

削 (literary, or in compounds)
削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
壓縮／压缩 (yāsuō)
撤 (chè)
收縮／收缩 (shōusuō)
消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
減少／减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
省卻／省却 (shěngquè)
砍 (kǎn)
緊縮／紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
縮減／缩减 (suōjiǎn)
耗
裁 (cái)
裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
裁減／裁减 (cáijiǎn)
鐫汰／镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
降低 (jiàngdī)

(to harm):

傷害／伤害 (shānghài)
危及 (wēijí)
危害 (wēihài)
妨害 (fánghài)
戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
戕賊／戕贼 (literary)
損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
有傷／有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)

(to lose):

喪失／丧失 (sàngshī)
失掉 (shīdiào)
損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
淪亡／沦亡 (lúnwáng)
滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
虧／亏 (kuī)

(to make sarcastic remarks):

作弄 (zuònòng)
僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
刺 (literary, or in compounds)
刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Eastern Min)
創弄／创弄 (Hokkien)
創景／创景 (Hokkien)
創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Hokkien)
剾損／𠛅损 (Hokkien)
剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Hokkien)
剾洗／𠛅洗 (Hokkien)
剾褻／𠛅亵 (Hokkien)
𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Hokkien)
取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
取笑 (qǔxiào)
呾笑話／呾笑话 (Teochew)
呾耍笑 (Teochew)
嗤笑 (chīxiào)
嘲弄 (cháonòng)
嘲笑 (cháoxiào)
嘲訕／嘲讪 (cháoshàn)
嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
奚落 (xīluò)
尋開心／寻开心 (⁶zhin-khe-shin) (Wu)
巴銳／巴锐 (Hokkien)
恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
挖苦 (wākǔ)
捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
撩 (Hakka)
撚化 (nan² faa³) (Cantonese)
撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
擺弄／摆弄
消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
𤊶人 (Hakka)
玩 (colloquial)
玩弄
笑 (xiào)
笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
耍 (shuǎ)
耍弄 (shuǎnòng)
耍忽 (sua² huah⁴) (Jin)
落八 (Xiamen Hokkien)
見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
訕笑／讪笑 (shànxiào)
詼謔／诙谑 (huīxuè)
說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
諦／谛 (dai³) (Cantonese)
諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
謔潲／谑潲 (Hokkien)
謔燒／谑烧 (Hokkien)
講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Hokkien)
譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
變弄／变弄 (Hokkien)
𧮙 (Wu)
起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
輕體／轻体 (Hokkien)
逗 (dòu)
逗弄
鄙笑 (Hokkien)
酸笑 (Hokkien)
鈍／钝 (Wu)
開心／开心 (kāixīn)
開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)

(acrimonious):

刻薄 (kèbó)
尖刻 (jiānkè) (chiefly of remarks)
尖酸 (jiānsuān) (chiefly of remarks)
苛刻 (kēkè) (demanding)

Compounds

七損八傷／七损八伤
佞徒損友／佞徒损友
傷損／伤损
分毫無損／分毫无损
受損／受损 (shòusǔn)
增損／增损
役損／役损
悶損／闷损
抑損／抑损
折損／折损
拍損／拍损 (phah-sńg) (Min Nan)
損上益下／损上益下
損事／损事
損人／损人
損人利己／损人利己 (sǔnrénlìjǐ)
損人安己／损人安己
損人益己／损人益己
損人肥己／损人肥己
損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
損兵折將／损兵折将
損到家／损到家
損友／损友 (sǔnyǒu)
損壞／损坏 (sǔnhuài)
損壽／损寿
損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
損害／损害 (sǔnhài)
損害賠償／损害赔偿
損將折兵／损将折兵
損己利物／损己利物
損年／损年
損德／损德
損折／损折 (sǔnzhé)
損挹／损挹
損書／损书
損本逐末／损本逐末
損毀／损毁 (sǔnhuǐ)
損燬／损毁
損益／损益 (sǔnyì)
損者三友／损者三友
損者三樂／损者三乐
損耗／损耗 (sǔnhào)
損蝕／损蚀
損軍折將／损军折将
損陰壞德／损阴坏德
損陰騭／损阴骘
敗損／败损
斟酌損益／斟酌损益
有增無損／有增无损
有形損耗／有形损耗
有損無益／有损无益
欲益反損／欲益反损
毀損／毁损 (huǐsǔn)
毀損罪／毁损罪
毫髮無損／毫发无损
求益反損／求益反损
汙損／污损 (wūsǔn)
海損／海损
減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
火災損失／火灾损失
無損／无损 (wúsǔn)
瘦損／瘦损
益上損下／益上损下
破損／破损 (pòsǔn)
磨損／磨损 (mósǔn)
純損／纯损
繁華損枝／繁华损枝
罨損／罨损
耗損／耗损 (hàosǔn)
虧損／亏损 (kuīsǔn)
蝕損／蚀损
裁損／裁损
貶損／贬损 (biǎnsǔn)
費日損功／费日损功
跌打損傷／跌打损伤 (diēdǎsǔnshāng)
香消玉損／香消玉损

Japanese

Kanji

損

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

harm

Readings

Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kun: そこなう (sokonau, 損なう, Jōyō)^{←そこなふ (sokonafu, 損なふ, historical)}; そこなう (sokonau, 損う)^{←そこなふ (sokonafu, 損ふ, historical)}; そこねる (sokoneru, 損ねる, Jōyō); へる (heru, 損る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
損
そん Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 損 (MC swonX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そん [sóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [sõ̞ɴ]

Noun

損(そん) • (son) ^{←そん (son)^?}

loss (opposite of gain)
損(そん)を抱(かか)える
son o kakaeru
to sustain a loss

Antonyms

得(とく) (toku, “gain”)

Derived terms

損(そん)する (sonsuru)
損(そん)ずる (sonzuru)
損(そん)じる (sonjiru)

Affix

損(そん) • (son)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

損(そん)失(しつ) (sonshitsu, “loss”)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

損 (eum 손 (son))

Vietnamese

Han character

損: Hán Nôm readings: tốn, tổn, tủn, vin, tỏn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN