笑

See also: 咲 and 笶
笑 U+7B11, 笑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B11
← 笐
[U+7B10] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 笒 →
[U+7B12]

Translingual
Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

笑 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹大 (HHK), four-corner 88432, composition ⿱𥫗夭)

Derived characters
  • 㗛, 𢞖, 𢲑, 𣉧, 𧏣, 𧜕, 𫹠, 𭡻, 𡮜, 𫂪, 𫛎, 𬕓, 𮆂

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25885
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2950, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7B11

Chinese
trad. 笑
simp. # 笑
alternative forms 关
咲
㗛
𥬇
𠺑

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 笑
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (夭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
笑 *sqʰows
夭 *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ
镺 *qoːwʔ, *qoːws
芺 *qoːwʔ, *qrowʔ
妖 *qrow
祅 *qrow
枖 *qrow
訞 *qrow
殀 *qrowʔ
仸 *qrowʔ
妋 *pa, *qu
飫 *qos
沃 *qoːwɢ
鋈 *qoːwɢ

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) or phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰows) : phonetic 艸 (OC *sʰuːʔ, “grass”) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). Later, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰows) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chhiò - vernacular;
  • chhiàu - vernacular (used in some compounds, may also be considered literary);
  • siàu - literary.
    Note:
    • ciê3 - Chaozhou;
    • cio3 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
      • Wu
        • (Shanghai)
          • Wugniu: 5shiau
          • MiniDict: shiau去
          • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2xiau
          • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɔ³⁴/
        • (Suzhou)
          • Wugniu: 5siau
          • MiniDict: siau去
          • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /siæ⁵²³/
      • Xiang
        • (Changsha)
          • Wiktionary: siau4
          • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /si̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/
          • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕi̯ɒu̯⁴⁵/
Rime
Character 笑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 私妙切
Baxter sjewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siᴇuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /siɛuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sjæuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /siawH/
Li
Rong		 /siɛuH/
Wang
Li		 /sĭɛuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ɛuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 siu3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 笑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xiào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sjewH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s-l]aw-s/
English to laugh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 笑
Reading # 1/1
No. 14621
Phonetic
component		 夭
Rime
group		 宵
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 𥬇
Old
Chinese		 /*sqʰows/
Notes 原下從犬，注或作此。漢書作八下夭
笑

Definitions

笑

  1. (intransitive) to laugh; to smile
    笑容  ―  xiàoróng  ―  smile
    唔識笑／唔识笑 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 sik1 siu3 [Jyutping]  ―  never smiles
  2. (transitive) to laugh at; to ridicule
    點解你哋成日笑我㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    点解你哋成日笑我㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    dim2 gaai2 nei5 dei6 seng4 jat6 siu3 ngo5 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Why do you guys always laugh at me?
  3. (ditransitive) to laugh at; to ridicule
    笑佢唔識講廣東話 [Cantonese, trad.]
    笑佢唔识讲广东话 [Cantonese, simp.]
    siu3 keoi5 m4 sik1 gong2 gwong2 dung1 waa6-2 [Jyutping]
    to make fun of them for not knowing how to speak Cantonese
  4. (literary, or in compounds) funny; amusing
    笑話／笑话  ―  xiàohuà  ―  joke (literally, “funny words”)
  5. (obsolete, figurative) to blossom; to bloom
  6. (rare) a surname

Synonyms
  • (to laugh):
Dialectal synonyms of 笑 (“to laugh; to smile”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 笑
Mandarin Beijing 樂, 笑
Taiwan 笑
Harbin 樂
Jinan 笑
Wanrong 笑
Xi'an 笑
Wuhan 笑, 奢
Chengdu 笑
Guilin 笑
Yangzhou 笑
Hefei 笑
Malaysia 笑
Singapore 笑
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 笑
Cantonese Guangzhou 笑
Hong Kong 笑
Yangjiang 笑
Beihai 笑
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 笑
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 笑
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 笑
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 笑
Móng Cái 笑
Gan Nanchang 笑
Pingxiang 笑
Hakka Meixian 笑
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 笑
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 笑
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 笑
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 笑
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 笑
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 笑
Huizhou Jixi 笑
Jin Taiyuan 笑
Northern Min Jian'ou 笑
Eastern Min Fuzhou 笑
Southern Min Xiamen 笑
Quanzhou 笑
Zhangzhou 笑
Manila (Hokkien) 笑
Chaozhou 笑
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 笑
Binyang 笑
Shehua Fu'an 笑
Fuding 笑
Luoyuan 笑
Sanming 笑
Shunchang 笑
Hua'an 笑
Guixi (Zhangping) 笑
Cangnan 笑
Jingning 笑
Lishui 笑
Longyou 笑
Chaozhou 笑
Fengshun 笑
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 笑
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 笑
Luxi (Baisha) 笑
Wu Shanghai 笑
Suzhou 笑
Danyang 笑
Hangzhou 笑
Wenzhou 笑
Xiang Changsha 笑
Shuangfeng 笑
  • (to ridicule):

See also
  • (to laugh at): 嘲 (cháo), 嗤 (chī)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
笑

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to laugh; laughter
  2. to smile; a smile

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
笑
わら(い)
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 笑う (warau, “to laugh; to smile”).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) わらい [wàráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɾa̠i]

Noun

笑(わらい) • (warai) ←わらひ (warafi)?

  1. a laugh, laughing, laughter
  2. a smile, smiling
Usage notes

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 笑い.

The warai reading is more commonly associated with the laugh senses. The emi reading is more commonly associated with the smile senses.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
笑
え(み)
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 笑む (emu, “to smile; to bloom”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

笑(えみ) • (emi) ←ゑみ (wemi)?

  1. a smile, smiling
  2. a bloom, blooming
  3. the opening of a nut or other fruit as it ripens
Usage notes

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 笑み.

The emi reading is more commonly associated with the smile senses. The warai reading is more commonly associated with the laugh senses.

Proper noun

笑(えみ) • (Emi) ←ゑみ (wemi)?

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
笑
え
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Likely related to the emi above.

Noun

笑(え) • (e) ←ゑ (we)?

  1. (in compounds) smile
    Used in compounds such as 笑(え)顔(がお) (egao), 笑(え)酒(ぐし) (egushi), and 笑(え)壺(つぼ) (etsubo).

Punctuation mark

笑(わら) • (wara) 

  1. (informal, teen slang) Alternative form of (笑) ((笑)): LOL

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

笑 (eumhun 웃을 소 (useul so))

  1. Hanja form? of 소 (“laugh”).

Vietnamese

Han character

笑: Hán Nôm readings: tiếu, téo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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