啞

See also: 唖 and 哑

啞	U+555E, 啞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555E

← 啝
[U+555D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

啟 →
[U+555F]

Translingual

Traditional	啞
Shinjitai (extended)	唖
Simplified	哑

Han character

啞 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口一中一 (RMLM), four-corner 6101₇, composition ⿰口亞)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 196, character 15

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3835

Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 24

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 636, character 7

Unihan data for U+555E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椏	qaːʔ, qraː
錏	*qraː
鵶	*qraː
啞	qraːʔ, qraːɡs, qraːɡ, qraːɡ
瘂	*qraːʔ
亞	*qraːɡs
婭	*qraːɡs
俹	*qraːɡs
稏	*qraːɡs
惡	qaː, qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁	*qaːɡs
堊	*qaːɡ
蝁	*qaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		啞
simp.		哑
alternative forms		瘂／痖 “mute; hoarse” 𤺘

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎ (ya³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): aa²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): a²
Gan (Wiktionary): nga³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): á

(Meixian, Guangdong): a³
Eastern Min (BUC): ā
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): é / ée / á

(Teochew, Peng'im): ê²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵o

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎ
  - Wade–Giles: ya³
  - Yale: yǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
  - Palladius: я (ja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: aa²
  - Yale: á
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aa²
  - Guangdong Romanization: a²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aː³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: a²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /a⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nga³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋa²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: á
  - Hakka Romanization System: a`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: a³
  - Sinological IPA: /a³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: a³
  - Sinological IPA: /a³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /a³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: é
  - Tâi-lô: é
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ea
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /e⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /e⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /e⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ée
  - Tâi-lô: ée
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
  - Tâi-lô: á
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ar
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /a⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /a⁵³/

Note:

é/ée - vernacular;
á - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ê²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: é
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /e⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵o
  - MiniDict: o^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²o
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /o³⁴/

Middle Chinese: 'aeX

Rime
Character	啞
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏下切
Baxter	'aeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔa^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ʔa^X/
Wang Li	/a^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔa^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aa²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔae^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁraʔ/
English	mute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啞
Reading #	1/4
No.	14210
Phonetic component	亞
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	啞
Old Chinese	/*qraːʔ/
Notes	見史記後亦作瘂

Definitions

啞

mute; dumb (unable to speak)
speechless; without sound
啞劇／哑剧 ― yǎjù ― mime

啞鈴／哑铃 ― yǎlíng ― dumbbell

啞口無言／哑口无言 ― yǎkǒuwúyán ― to be left speechless
hoarse
喊得我嗓子都啞了 [MSC, trad.]
喊得我嗓子都哑了 [MSC, simp.]
hǎn de wǒ sǎngzi dōu yǎ le [Pinyin]
to have shouted myself hoarse
(of a shell, bomb, etc.) to fail to explode; (of a firearm) to fail to fire

Coordinate terms

聾／聋 (lóng, “deaf”)
盲 (máng, “blind”)

Compounds

低啞／低哑
吃啞吧虧／吃哑吧亏
咿咿啞啞／咿咿哑哑
咿啞／咿哑
啞劇／哑剧 (yǎjù)
啞口／哑口 (yǎkǒu)
啞口無言／哑口无言 (yǎkǒuwúyán)
啞嗓／哑嗓
啞子／哑子 (yǎzi)
啞子做夢／哑子做梦
啞子得夢／哑子得梦
啞子托夢／哑子托梦
啞巴／哑巴 (yǎba)
啞巴虧／哑巴亏 (yǎbakuī)
啞戲／哑戏
啞板／哑板
啞炮／哑炮
啞穴／哑穴
啞聲／哑声
啞語／哑语 (yǎyǔ)
啞謎／哑谜
啞酒／哑酒
啞鈴／哑铃 (yǎlíng)
啞默悄靜／哑默悄静
喑啞／喑哑 (yīnyǎ)
喝啞吧酒／喝哑吧酒
嘶啞／嘶哑 (sīyǎ)
天聾地啞／天聋地哑
打啞謎／打哑谜
推聾做啞／推聋做哑
推聾裝啞／推聋装哑
梵啞鈴／梵哑铃 (fànyǎlíng)
沙啞／沙哑 (shāyǎ)
演啞劇／演哑剧
猜啞謎／猜哑谜
瘖啞／瘖哑 (yīnyǎ)
瘖啞人／瘖哑人
盲婚啞嫁／盲婚哑嫁 (mánghūnyǎjià)
聾啞／聋哑 (lóngyǎ)
聾啞學校／聋哑学校
聾啞症／聋哑症
聾盲瘖啞／聋盲瘖哑
裝聾作啞／装聋作哑 (zhuānglóngzuòyǎ)
裝聾裝啞／装聋装哑
詐啞佯聾／诈哑佯聋

Pronunciation 2

trad.		啞
simp.		哑
alternative forms		䛩／𲂉

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎ, è (ya³, e⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˇ, ㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ak¹, aak¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iak / ek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎ
  - Wade–Giles: ya³
  - Yale: yǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
  - Palladius: я (ja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Yale: è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ak¹, aak¹
  - Yale: āk, āak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ak⁷, aak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: eg¹, ag¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɐk̚⁵/, /aːk̚⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: 'aek, 'eak

Rime
Character	啞	啞
Reading #	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	烏格切	於革切
Baxter	'aek	'eak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠæk̚/	/ʔˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚak̚/	/ʔᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔak̚/	/ʔɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨjk̚/	/ʔəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɐk̚/	/ʔɛk̚/
Wang Li	/ɐk̚/	/æk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɐk̚/	/ʔæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ak¹	ak¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qraːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啞	啞
Reading #	3/4	4/4
No.	14223	14224
Phonetic component	亞	亞
Rime group	鐸	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	啞	戹
Old Chinese	/*qraːɡ/	/*qraːɡ/

Definitions

啞

^† (onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing

Compounds

啞啞／哑哑
啞然／哑然
啞然失笑／哑然失笑
啞然失色／哑然失色
啞然無言／哑然无言

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yā (ya¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): aa¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): a

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yā
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ya
  - Wade–Giles: ya¹
  - Yale: yā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ia
  - Palladius: я (ja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: aa¹
  - Yale: ā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: a¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aː⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a
  - Tâi-lô: a
  - Phofsit Daibuun: af
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /a⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³/

Middle Chinese: 'aeH

Rime
Character	啞
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	衣嫁切
Baxter	'aeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔa^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ʔa^H/
Wang Li	/a^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aa³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qraːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啞
Reading #	2/4
No.	14216
Phonetic component	亞
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亞
Old Chinese	/*qraːɡs/
Notes	見淮南子後亦作呀

Definitions

啞

Alternative form of 呀
(onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing.
(onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak.

Compounds

啞吒／哑咤 (yāzhà)
啞咽／哑咽
啞啞學語／哑哑学语
嗚啞／呜哑
嘔啞／呕哑
嘔嘔啞啞／呕呕哑哑

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	唖
Kyūjitai	啞

Kanji

啞

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 唖)

Kyūjitai form of 唖

Readings

Go-on: え (e); やく (yaku)
Kan-on: あ (a); あく (aku)
Kun: おし (oshi, 啞)

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 啞 – see the following entry.

【唖】H	[kanji] Hyōgaiji kanji [kanji] Extended shinjitai form of 啞: mute, dumb Kanji reading: おし

(This term, 啞, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

啞: Hán Nôm readings: á, ạ, ớ, dạ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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