raer
Galician
Alternative forms
- raír, reer
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese reer, raer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rādere, present active infinitive of rādō, from Proto-Italic *razdō, from an extended form of *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”). Cognate with Portuguese reer and Spanish raer. Compare English raze.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈeɾ/
Verb
raer (first-person singular present raio, first-person singular preterite raín, past participle raído)
- (transitive) to scrape, skim, shave
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 135:
- Para esto ual reer o lugar jnchado et çercallo de semesugas para liurar ende o sange que y ha para seyr fora
- For this is valid to shave the swollen place and then to encircle it with leeches, so freeing the blood that is there, letting it go out
- to scythe
- to flatten, raze; to lay bare
- (impersonal) to clear up
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | raer | |||||
Personal | raer | raeres | raer | raermos | raerdes | raeren |
Gerund | ||||||
raendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | raído | raídos | ||||
Feminine | raída | raídas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | raio | raes | rae | raemos | raedes | raen |
Imperfect | raía | raías | raía | raïamos | raïades | raían |
Preterite | raín | raíches | raeu | raemos | raestes | raeron |
Pluperfect | raera | raeras | raera | raeramos | raerades | raeran |
Future | raerei | raerás | raerá | raeremos | raeredes | raerán |
Conditional | raería | raerías | raería | raeriamos | raeriades | raerían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | raia | raias | raia | raiamos | raiades | raian |
Imperfect | raese | raeses | raese | raésemos | raésedes | raesen |
Future | raer | raeres | raer | raermos | raerdes | raeren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | rae | raia | raiamos | raede | raian | |
Negative (non) | non raias | non raia | non raiamos | non raiades | non raian |
References
- “raer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “reer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “rraer” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “raer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “raer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “raer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Middle Dutch
Inflection
Adjective | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | ||
Nominative | Indefinite | raer | raere | raer | raere |
Definite | raere | raere | |||
Accusative | Indefinite | raeren | raere | raer | raere |
Definite | raere | ||||
Genitive | raers | raerer | raers | raerer | |
Dative | raeren | raerer | raeren | raeren |
Descendants
- Dutch: raar
Further reading
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “raer”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Spanish raer, from Latin rādere, from Proto-Italic *razdō, from Proto-Indo-European *rh₁d-dʰ-, extended from *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈeɾ/ [raˈeɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: ra‧er
Verb
raer (first-person singular present raigo or rayo, first-person singular preterite raí, past participle raído)
- (rare) to scrape, fray, abrade
- Synonym: raspar
- 1926, Roberto Arlt, “Judas Iscariote”, in El juguete rabioso:
- Más allá las mondongueras raen los amarillentos mondongos en el estaño de sus mostradores, o cuelgan de los ganchos inmensos hígados rojos.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (rare) to remove completely
Conjugation
infinitive | raer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | rayendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | raído | raída | |||||
plural | raídos | raídas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | raigo, rayo | raestú raésvos |
rae | raemos | raéis | raen | |
imperfect | raía | raías | raía | raíamos | raíais | raían | |
preterite | raí | raíste | rayó | raímos | raísteis | rayeron | |
future | raeré | raerás | raerá | raeremos | raeréis | raerán | |
conditional | raería | raerías | raería | raeríamos | raeríais | raerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | raiga, raya | raigas, rayastú raigás, rayásvos2 |
raiga, raya | raigamos, rayamos | raigáis, rayáis | raigan, rayan | |
imperfect (ra) |
rayera | rayeras | rayera | rayéramos | rayerais | rayeran | |
imperfect (se) |
rayese | rayeses | rayese | rayésemos | rayeseis | rayesen | |
future1 | rayere | rayeres | rayere | rayéremos | rayereis | rayeren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | raetú raévos |
raiga, raya | raigamos, rayamos | raed | raigan, rayan | ||
negative | no raigas, no rayas | no raiga, no raya | no raigamos, no rayamos | no raigáis, no rayáis | no raigan, no rayan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive raer | |||||||
dative | raerme | raerte | raerle, raerse | raernos | raeros | raerles, raerse | |
accusative | raerme | raerte | raerlo, raerla, raerse | raernos | raeros | raerlos, raerlas, raerse | |
with gerund rayendo | |||||||
dative | rayéndome | rayéndote | rayéndole, rayéndose | rayéndonos | rayéndoos | rayéndoles, rayéndose | |
accusative | rayéndome | rayéndote | rayéndolo, rayéndola, rayéndose | rayéndonos | rayéndoos | rayéndolos, rayéndolas, rayéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative rae | |||||||
dative | ráeme | ráete | ráele | ráenos | not used | ráeles | |
accusative | ráeme | ráete | ráelo, ráela | ráenos | not used | ráelos, ráelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative raé | |||||||
dative | raeme | raete | raele | raenos | not used | raeles | |
accusative | raeme | raete | raelo, raela | raenos | not used | raelos, raelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative raiga, raya | |||||||
dative | ráigame, ráyame | not used | ráigale, ráyale, ráigase, ráyase | ráiganos, ráyanos | not used | ráigales, ráyales | |
accusative | ráigame, ráyame | not used | ráigalo, ráyalo, ráigala, ráyala, ráigase, ráyase | ráiganos, ráyanos | not used | ráigalos, ráyalos, ráigalas, ráyalas | |
with first-person plural imperative raigamos, rayamos | |||||||
dative | not used | raigámoste, rayámoste | raigámosle, rayámosle | raigámonos, rayámonos | raigámoos, rayámoos | raigámosles, rayámosles | |
accusative | not used | raigámoste, rayámoste | raigámoslo, rayámoslo, raigámosla, rayámosla | raigámonos, rayámonos | raigámoos, rayámoos | raigámoslos, rayámoslos, raigámoslas, rayámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative raed | |||||||
dative | raedme | not used | raedle | raednos | raeos | raedles | |
accusative | raedme | not used | raedlo, raedla | raednos | raeos | raedlos, raedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative raigan, rayan | |||||||
dative | ráiganme, ráyanme | not used | ráiganle, ráyanle | ráigannos, ráyannos | not used | ráiganles, ráyanles, ráiganse, ráyanse | |
accusative | ráiganme, ráyanme | not used | ráiganlo, ráyanlo, ráiganla, ráyanla | ráigannos, ráyannos | not used | ráiganlos, ráyanlos, ráiganlas, ráyanlas, ráiganse, ráyanse |
Further reading
- “raer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014