morior

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *morjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”), Proto-Germanic *murþaz, Proto-Celtic *marwos, Lithuanian mirti (“death”), Sanskrit मृत्यु (mṛtyú, “death”), Proto-Slavic *merti. Related to mors (“death”).

Pronunciation

Verb

morior (present infinitive morī, perfect active mortuus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

  1. to die, be slain, fall (in battle), perish
    Synonyms: pereō, occumbō, dēfungor, exspīrō, intereō, dēcēdō, cadō, occidō, excēdō, discēdō, dēficiō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.659–660:
      “Moriēmur inultae / sed moriāmur”
      “We will die unavenged, but let us die.”
      (Dido here speaks of herself using the royal we or majestic we, which some translations honor, and others alter to first-person singular: “I shall die…”.)
    • 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.2.13:
      Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī.
      Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.
  2. to decay, wither

Conjugation
   Conjugation of morior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present morior moreris,
morere		 moritur morimur moriminī moriuntur
imperfect moriēbar moriēbāris,
moriēbāre		 moriēbātur moriēbāmur moriēbāminī moriēbantur
future moriar moriēris,
moriēre		 moriētur moriēmur moriēminī morientur
perfect mortuus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect mortuus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect mortuus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present moriar moriāris,
moriāre		 moriātur moriāmur moriāminī moriantur
imperfect morerer morerēris,
morerēre		 morerētur morerēmur morerēminī morerentur
perfect mortuus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect mortuus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — morere — — moriminī —
future — moritor moritor — — moriuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives morī mortuum esse — — — —
participles moriēns mortuus moritūrus — — moriendus,
moriundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
moriendī moriendō moriendum moriendō mortuum mortuū

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

(Several descendants reflect a fourth-conjugation variant (morior, morīrī) attested in Plautus, Ennius, and Ovid.)[1]

  • Balkan Romance:
    • Aromanian: mor, muriri
    • Romanian: muri
  • Dalmatian:
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Insular Romance:
    • Sardinian: morrere (Logudorese), morriri (Campidanese)
  • North Italian:
  • Gallo-Romance:
  • Ibero-Romance:

References
  1. Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1985) “morir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes IV (Me–Re), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 149

Further reading
  • “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “morior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • morior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to die at a good old age: exacta aetate mori
    • (ambiguous) to starve oneself to death: inediā mori or vitam finire
    • (ambiguous) to die a natural death: necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori
    • (ambiguous) to die of wounds: ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33)
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.