kala

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قلعه (kale), from Persian قلعه (qal'e), from Arabic قَلْعَة (qalʕa).

• (Tosk) IPA^(key): /kaˈla/
• Rhymes: -la
• Hyphenation: ka‧lá

kala f (plural kala, definite kalaja, definite plural kalatë)

1. castle, fortress

   Synonym: kështjellë

2. fortification

   Synonym: fortifikatë

3. (figurative) ardent defender
4. (figurative) hurdle, obstacle: something difficult to be overcome only by great effort

   u bë kala ― it became difficult

5. (chess) rook

   Synonym: torrë

• “kala”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980
• “kala”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• Mann, S. E. (1948) “kalá”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 175

• IPA^(key): /kala/

kala (Bengali script কালা)

1. deaf person

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

kala

1. Romanization of ᬓᬮ
2. Romanization of ᬓᬵᬮ
3. Romanization of ᬓᬮᬵ

kala

1. nothing

kala

1. no, not

kala

1. straw (collective)

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

kala (genitive kala, partitive kala)

1. fish

• kalastama
• kalamari
• kalur

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.[1] Cognates include Northern Sami guolli, Ter Sami kɨllˈe, and Hungarian hal.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝lɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ka‧la

kala

1. fish (aquatic animal)

   Hauki on kala.

   A pike is a fish.

   Tässä järvessä on paljon kalaa.

   There's lots of fish in this lake.

2. fish (meat of the aforementioned aquatic animals)

   Syön usein kalaa.

   I often eat fish.

3. (idiomatic, in locational cases and expressions) fishing (as a personal activity, used with the verbs olla (“to be”) and mennä (“to go”), lähteä (“to leave”), and käydä (“to go and come back”))

   olla kalassa ― to be fishing

   käydä kalassa ― to go fishing (and come back)

   mennä kalaan ― to go fishing

   lähteä kalaan ― to (leave and) go fishing

   lähteä kalalle ― to (leave and) go fishing

   Käytkö usein kalassa?

   Do you often go fishing?

4. (in compounds) seafood

   Mennään kalaravintolaan.

   Let's go to a seafood restaurant.

• (fish, aquatic animals): Quite often used in the singular in a collective sense, as can be seen in one of the usage examples.

• “kala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

From Arabic كُلَّ (kulla).

kala

1. each, every, all

• denndaangal
• kalamaa
• kalamanni
• mo kala

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

• IPA^(key): [kalaʔ]
• Hyphenation: ka‧la
• Rhymes: -laʔ

kala

1. Semelfactive or non-iterative aspect i. e. the action or situation has happened once or more but did not repeat itself

From Old Norse kala.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰaːla/
  • Rhymes: -aːla

kala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kól, third-person plural past indicative kólu, supine kalið)

1. (impersonal) to become frostbitten

   Mig kól á tám.

   My toes became frostbitten.

• kal

• IPA^(key): /ˈkala/
• Hyphenation: ka‧la
• Rhymes: -la, -a

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”) or Sanskrit कला (kalā, “a division of time”). Doublet of kali.

kala (first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

1. time

   Synonyms: masa, waktu

2. when: during the time that.

   Synonym: ketika

3. (geology) epoch: a geochronologic unit of hundreds of thousands to millions of years; a subdivision of a period, and subdivided into ages (or sometimes subepochs).

   Synonym: epok (Standard Malay)

4. tense;
   1. (grammar) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.
   2. (linguistics, grammar, countable) An inflected form of a verb that indicates tense.

• kala akan datang (“future tense”)
• kala kini (“present tense”)
• kala lampau (“past tense”)

From Malay kala, from Javanese ꦏꦭ (kala, “stinging animal, scorpion”), from Sanskrit कालक (kālaka, “scorpion”).

kala (first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

1. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) any member of scorpiones order
2. (obsolete) scorpion

   Synonym: kalajengking

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala.

kala (first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

1. (obsolete) silk

   Synonym: sutra

From Malay kala, from Classical Malay kala, from Javanese ꦏꦭ (kala, “bird noose, snare”), from Old Javanese kalā.

kala (first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

1. (obsolete) snare

   Synonym: jerat

From Malay kala, from Arabic قَضَاء (qaḍāʔ). Doublet of qada.

kala (first-person possessive kalaku, second-person possessive kalamu, third-person possessive kalanya)

1. (obsolete) Synonym of qada

• kala hajat

• “kala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala. Cognates include Finnish kala and Estonian kala.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑɫɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Hyphenation: ka‧la

kala

1. fish
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:

     Kapa, kala, kala, kana.

     Dried fish, fish, fish, hen.

   • 1936, V. I. Junus, P. L. Maksimov, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 37:

     Hää ono voimakas kala ja kasvaa suureks.

     It's a strong fish and grows big.

   • 1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:

     — Kala, kala — ohto tiukkaa! Ota matokkaine suuhu.

     — Fish, fish — quit playing! Put a mollusk in your mouth.

• elokas (“animal”)

• zveeri (“animal”), lintu (“bird”)

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 126
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, page 82

kala

1. Romanization of ꦏꦭ

From Proto-Finnic *kala. Cognates include Finnish kala and Estonian kala.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/
• Hyphenation: ka‧la

kala (genitive kalan, partitive kalua)

1. fish

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “kala”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “рыба”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

kala

1. third-person singular/plural past indicative of kalt

From Proto-Finnic *kala. Cognates include Finnish kala and Estonian kala.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/
• Hyphenation: ka‧la

kala (genitive kalan, partitive kalua)

1. fish

• N. Gilojeva, S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎ (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 3
• Tatjana Boiko (2019) Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 92

From Proto-Finnic *kala.

kala

1. fish

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /kalə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /kala/
• Rhymes: -alə, -lə, -ə

From Sanskrit काल (kāla, “time”).

kala (Jawi spelling کالا, plural kala-kala, informal 1st possessive kalaku, 2nd possessive kalamu, 3rd possessive kalanya)

1. time (inevitable passing of events)
2. time (quantity of availability in time)
3. time (time of day, as indicated by a clock, etc)
4. time (particular moment or hour)
5. time (measurement under some system of the time of day or moment in time)
6. time (numerical indication of a particular moment in time)

• masa / ماس
• waktu / وقتو

From Javanese kala (“stinging animal”).

kala (Jawi spelling کالا, plural kala-kala, informal 1st possessive kalaku, 2nd possessive kalamu, 3rd possessive kalanya)

1. scorpion

kala

1. fire
2. firewood

• Suzanne M. Prober, Emma Yuen, Michael H. O'Connor, Les Schultz, Ngadju kala: Ngadju fire knowledge and contemporary fire management in the Great Western Woodlands, Wembley, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Coolgardie, Ngadju Conservation.
• Carl Georg von Brandenstein, 1980, Ngadjumaja: An Aboriginal Language of South-East Western Australia, Innsbruck, Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.

kala

1. branch (of a tree)

• IPA^(key): /ka.la/
• Rhymes: -la
• Homophones: kalā, kāla
• Hyphenation: ka‧la

Borrowed from Sanskrit काला (kālā, “black; dark”).

kala

1. wicked, evil, base, false

• Javanese: ꦏꦭ (kala, “evil; demon”)

From Sanskrit शङ्ख (śaṅkha, “trumpet, horn”, literally “shell, conch-shell”) +‎ काल (kāla, “time, hour”).

kala

1. trumpet

From Sanskrit कालक (kālaka, “scorpion”).

kala

1. scorpion

• Javanese: ꦏꦭ (kala, “stinging animal”)
  • → Indonesian: kala (“stinging animal”)

kala

1. Alternative spelling of kalā (“noose, snare”)

From Proto-Germanic *kalaną, whence also Old English calan. Ultimately from an o-grade present of Proto-Indo-European *gel-.

kala

1. (impersonal, transitive with accusative) to freeze

   mik kell ― I freeze; I become frost-bitten

• Icelandic: kala
• Norwegian Nynorsk: kala, (past participle) kalen
• Swedish: kala (dialectal)

• “kala”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.la/
• Rhymes: -ala
• Syllabification: ka‧la

kala

1. third-person singular present of kalać

• IPA^(key): /ka.ˈla/, [ka.ˈla]

kala

1. prey; game

kala (Cyrillic spelling кала)

1. genitive singular of kal

kala

1. Romanization of 𒆗 (kala)

kala

1. inflection of kal:
   1. definite singular
   2. plural

From English color.

kala

1. color

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

kala

1. fish

• kalankazvatai
• kalankazvatuz
• kalansuug

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “рыба”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

• IPA^(key): /kɑlɑ/

kala (genitive kala, partitive kalla)

1. fish

From Proto-Finnic *kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.

• (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑɫɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Hyphenation: ka‧la

kala

1. fish

• Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn

kala

1. born (to be)

kala

1. to join, to unite

kala

1. to hunt

• Mbugu: kala

• Maarten Mous, The Making of a Mixed Language: The Case of Ma'a/Mbugu

-kála

1. to weigh