calan
Galician
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *kalan, from Proto-Germanic *kalaną (“to be cold”). Cognate with Old Norse kala (“to be cold”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑ.lɑn/
Verb
calan
- (intransitive) to be or get cold (impersonal, with dative or accusative of person)
- Mē cælþ.
- I'm cold.
- (literally, “(To) me (it) is cold.”)
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
- Hwæðer þā welegan nū nǣfre ne hyngre, ne ne þyrste, ne ne cale?
- Do rich people never get hungry, or thirsty, or cold?
Conjugation
Conjugation of calan (strong class 6)
| infinitive | calan | calenne |
|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
| first person singular | — | — |
| second person singular | — | — |
| third person singular | cæleþ, cælþ | cōl |
| plural | — | — |
| subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
| singular | cale | cōle |
| plural | — | — |
| imperative | ||
| singular | — | |
| plural | — | |
| participle | present | past |
| calende | (ġe)cælen, (ġe)calen | |
Derived terms
- ācalan
Descendants
- Middle English: calen
Spanish
Tagalog
Volapük
Noun
calan (nominative plural calans)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Declension
declension of calan
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | calan | calans |
| genitive | calana | calanas |
| dative | calane | calanes |
| accusative | calani | calanis |
| vocative 1 | o calan! | o calans! |
| predicative 2 | calanu | calanus |
- 1 status as a case is disputed
- 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh kalan, from Proto-Brythonic *kalann (compare Cornish and Breton kalan), from Vulgar Latin *calandae, from Latin kalendae (“calends”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkalan/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkaːlan/, /ˈkalan/
Derived terms
- Calan Awst
- Calan Gaeaf
- Calan Mai
- calennig
- Dydd Calan
- hel calennig
- Hen Galan
- Nos Galan
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| calan | galan | nghalan | chalan |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “calan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃa.l̪an̪/
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