essen
Alemannic German
Etymology
From Old High German ezzan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną. Cognate with German essen, Dutch eten, English eat, Swedish äta.
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
German
Etymology
From Middle High German ezzen, from Old High German ezzan, from Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.
Cognate with Low German eten, Dutch eten, English eat, Danish æde, Norwegian ete, Swedish äta, Yiddish עסן (esn) and Gothic 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin edō, Russian есть (jestʹ), Scottish Gaelic ith.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛsən/, [ˈʔɛsn̩]
audio (Germany) (file) audio (Germany) (file) audio (Austria) (file) - Rhymes: -ɛsən
Verb
essen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present isst, past tense aß, past participle gegessen, past subjunctive äße, auxiliary haben)
Usage notes
- In obsolete usage, the past participle was frequently gessen, which is still used in Austria.
Conjugation
infinitive | essen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | essend | ||||
past participle | gegessen | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich esse | wir essen | i | ich esse | wir essen |
du isst | ihr esst | du essest | ihr esset | ||
er isst | sie essen | er esse | sie essen | ||
preterite | ich aß | wir aßen | ii | ich äße1 | wir äßen1 |
du aßest du aßt |
ihr aßt | du äßest1 du äßt1 |
ihr äßet1 ihr äßt1 | ||
er aß | sie aßen | er äße1 | sie äßen1 | ||
imperative | iss (du) | esst (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
- auswärts essen — to eat out
- essbar
- Esser
- essgestört
- zu Mittag essen — to have lunch
- zu Abend essen — to have dinner, to have tea (Br.)
- Ess-Brech-Sucht
- Esslöffel m
- Essstäbchen pl
- Essstörung
- Esstisch m
- Esssucht
- Esszimmer n
Related terms
- Essen n
Hungarian
Alternative forms
- essék (archaic, today mostly in fixed phrases)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛʃːɛn]
- Hyphenation: es‧sen
Swedish
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