ith

See also: i'th', iþ, ið, -ið, and íð

English

Etymology 1

From i +‎ -th.

Alternative forms
  • ith
  • Sometimes written yas i'th or i-th

Pronunciation
  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /aɪθ/, [aɪ̯θ]
  • Rhymes: -aɪθ

Adjective

ith (not comparable)

  1. (mathematics) Occurring at position i in a sequence.
Translations

Etymology 2

From Pitman ess and ish, which it is related to phonetically and graphically, and the sound it represents.

Pronunciation
  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /ɪθ/
  • Rhymes: -ɪθ

Noun

ith (plural iths)

  1. The letter ⟨(⟩, which stands for the th sound (/θ/) in Pitman shorthand.

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *its, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs (“from, out of”). Related to Lithuanian ìš, Latvian iz and Old Prussian is. The change in meaning is a part of the wider sematic shift of prepositions (see nga); the old meaning is preserved in the prefix sh- (partially influenced by a homonymous prefix of Latin origin continuing Latin dis-).[1]

Adverb

ith

  1. (obsolete) behind

Verb

ith (aorist itha, participle ithur)

  1. to follow someone

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ith”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-. The future stem is from Old Irish ·íss, from Proto-Celtic *ɸiɸitsāti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɪ/, /ɪh/
  • (Aran) IPA(key): /iː/

Verb

ith (present analytic itheann, future analytic íosfaidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ite)

  1. eat

Conjugation
conjugation of ith (irregular)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present ithim itheann tú;
ithir†		 itheann sé, sí ithimid;
itheann muid		 itheann sibh itheann siad;
ithid†		 a itheann; a itheas /
a n-itheann*; a n-itheas*		 itear
past d'ith mé; d'itheas /
ith mé‡; itheas‡		 d'ith tú; d'ithis /
ith tú‡; ithis‡		 d'ith sé, sí /
ith sé, sí‡		 d'itheamar; d'ith muid /
itheamar‡; ith muid‡		 d'ith sibh; d'itheabhair /
ith sibh‡; itheabhair‡		 d'ith siad; d'itheadar /
ith siad‡; itheadar‡		 a d'ith /
ar ith*		 itheadh; hitheadh†
past habitual d'ithinn /
ithinn‡; n-ithinn‡‡		 d'iteá /
iteá‡; n-iteᇇ		 d'itheadh sé, sí /
itheadh sé, sí‡; n-itheadh‡‡		 d'ithimis; d'itheadh muid /
ithimis‡; itheadh muid‡; n-ithimis‡‡; n-itheadh muid‡‡		 d'itheadh sibh /
itheadh sibh‡; n-itheadh sibh‡‡		 d'ithidís; d'itheadh siad /
ithidís‡; itheadh siad‡; n-ithidís‡‡; n-itheadh siad‡‡		 a d'itheadh /
a n-itheadh*		 d'ití /
ití‡; n-it퇇
future íosfaidh mé;
íosfad		 íosfaidh tú;
íosfair†		 íosfaidh sé, sí íosfaimid;
íosfaidh muid		 íosfaidh sibh íosfaidh siad;
íosfaid†		 a íosfaidh, a íosfas /
a n-íosfaidh*; a n-íosfas*		 íosfar
conditional d'íosfainn / íosfainn‡; n-íosfainn‡‡ d'íosfá / íosfá‡; n-íosfᇇ d'íosfadh sé, sí / íosfadh sé, sí‡; n-íosfadh sé, s퇇 d'íosfaimis; d'íosfadh muid / íosfaimis‡; íosfadh muid‡; n-íosfaimis‡‡; n-íosfadh muid‡‡ d'íosfadh sibh / íosfadh sibh‡; n-íosfadh sibh‡‡ d'íosfaidís; d'íosfadh siad / íosfaidís‡; íosfadh siad‡; n-íosfaidís‡‡; n-íosfadh siad‡‡ a d'íosfadh /
a n-íosfadh*		 d'íosfaí / íosfaí‡; n-íosfa퇇
subjunctive present go n-ithe mé;
go n-ithead†		 go n-ithe tú;
go n-ithir†		 go n-ithe sé, sí go n-ithimid;
go n-ithe muid		 go n-ithe sibh go n-ithe siad;
go n-ithid†		 — go n-itear
past dá n-ithinn dá n-iteá dá n-itheadh sé, sí dá n-ithimis;
dá n-itheadh muid		 dá n-itheadh sibh dá n-ithidís; dá n-itheadh siad — dá n-ití
imperative ithim ith itheadh sé, sí ithimis ithigí;
ithidh†		 ithidís — itear
verbal noun ithe
past participle ite

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)

in parts of Munster (e.g. Cape Clear Island, County Clare), the following forms of the past tense are found in addition to the those listed above:

singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
past duas duais duaidh sé, sí duamair duabhair duadar a dhuaidh / ar dhuaidh* duadh

Mutation
Irish mutation
RadicalEclipsiswith h-prothesiswith t-prothesis
ith n-ith hith not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ith”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 136
  • Holmer, Nils M. (1962). The Dialects of Co. Clare, part I. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy, p. 151.
  • Ó Buachalla, Breandán (2003). An Teanga Bheo: Gaeilge Chléire. Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, →ISBN, p. 82.

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸitu, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt- (“food, nutrition”); from the same root is derived ithid (“to eat”). Cognate with Welsh ŷd.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /iθ/

Noun

ith n (genitive etho, no plural)

  1. corn, grain
Declension
Neuter u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ithN — —
Vocative ithN — —
Accusative ithN — —
Genitive ethoH, athoH — —
Dative ithL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
  • Irish: ioth

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /iθʲ/

Verb

ith

  1. second-person singular imperative of ithid

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
ith unchanged n-ith
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish ithid (“eats, bites, devours; grazes”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸiteti, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /iç/

Verb

ith (past dh'ith, future ithidh, verbal noun ithe, past participle ithte)

  1. eat
    Ith do leòr! ― Bon appetit!
    Ith, òl agus bi subhach! ― Eat, drink, and be merry!

Conjugation
Conjugation of ith (regular)
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past dh'ith mi dh'ith thu dh'ith e/i dh'ith sinn dh'ith sibh dh'ith iad dh'itheadh
future ithidh mi ithidh tu ithidh e/i ithidh sinn ithidh sibh ithidh iad ithear
ithtear
conditional dh'ithinn dh'itheadh tu dh'itheadh e/i dh'itheamaid
dh'itheadh sinn		 dh'itheadh sibh dh'itheadh iad dh'ithteadh
dh'ithist(e)1
negative past cha do dh'ith mi cha do dh'ith thu cha do dh'ith e/i cha do dh'ith sinn cha do dh'ith sibh cha do dh'ith iad cha do dh'itheadh
future chan ith mi chan ith thu chan ith e/i chan ith sinn chan ith sibh chan ith iad chan ithear
chan ithtear
conditional chan ithinn chan itheadh tu chan itheadh e/i chan itheamaid
chan itheadh sinn		 chan itheadh sibh chan itheadh iad chan ithteadh
chan ithist(e)1
affirmative
interrogative		 past an do dh'ith mi? an do dh'ith thu? an do dh'ith e/i? an do dh'ith sinn? an do dh'ith sibh? an do dh'ith iad? an do dh'itheadh?
future an ith mi? an ith thu? an ith e/i? an ith sinn? an ith sibh? an ith iad? an ithear?
an ithtear?
conditional an ithinn? an itheadh tu? an itheadh e/i? an itheamaid?
an itheadh sinn?		 an itheadh sibh? an itheadh iad? an ithteadh?
an ithist(e)1?
negative
interrogative		 past nach do dh'ith mi? nach do dh'ith thu? nach do dh'ith e/i? nach do dh'ith sinn? nach do dh'ith sibh? nach do dh'ith iad? nach do dh'itheadh?
future nach ith mi? nach ith thu? nach ith e/i? nach ith sinn? nach ith sibh? nach ith iad? nach ithear?
nach ithtear?
conditional nach ithinn? nach itheadh tu? nach itheadh e/i? nach itheamaid?
nach itheadh sinn?		 nach itheadh sibh? nach itheadh iad? nach ithteadh?
nach ithist(e)1?
relative
future		 affirmative (ma) dh'itheas mi (ma) dh'itheas thu (ma) dh'itheas e/i (ma) dh'itheas sinn (ma) dh'itheas sibh (ma) dh'itheas iad (ma) dh'ithear
negative (mur) ith mi (mur) ith thu (mur) ith e/i (mur) ith sinn (mur) ith sibh (mur) ith iad (mur) ithear
(mur) ithtear
imperative itheam ith itheadh e/i itheamaid ithibh itheadh iad ithear
ithtear
stem ith
verbal noun ithe
past participle ithte
1 Lewis dialect form

Derived terms

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “ith”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Welsh

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Not related to gwenith (“wheat”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /iːθ/
  • Rhymes: -iːθ

Noun

ith m (plural ithion or ithau)

  1. (not in science) particle, atom, a grain
    Synonyms: mymryn, gronyn, brot, atom
  2. grain, corn.
    Synonym: gronyn

Derived terms

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ith unchanged unchanged hith
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ith”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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