U+67AF, 枯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67AF

[U+67AE]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+67B0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 75, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木十口 (DJR), four-corner 44960, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 517, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14579
  • Dae Jaweon: page 904, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1178, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+67AF

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰaː) : semantic (tree) + phonetic (OC *kaːʔ).

Etymology

Apparently Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ខះ (khah, to dry up; to wither) (Schuessler, 2007), which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ckəh (dry).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • gou1 - most senses;
  • kou1 - dialectal usage (e.g. 豆枯, 茶枯).
    • Wu
      • (Shanghai):
        • Wugniu: 5khu
        • MiniDict: khu
        • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2khu
        • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰu³⁴/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (29)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter khu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰuo/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰuo/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɔ/
Li
Rong
/kʰo/
Wang
Li
/kʰu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fu1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ khu ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁa/
English withered, dried up

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4238
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰaː/

Definitions

  1. (of plants, etc.) dry; withered
       wěi   wilted; withered
       zhī   withered tree branch
  2. (of wells, rivers, etc.) dried out
  3. (of muscle) withered; decayed
  4. boring; uninteresting; dry
       zào   dull; boring
  5. (dialect) dregs
  6. (traditional Chinese medicine) partial paralysis
  7. a surname

Compounds

  • 一聚枯骨
  • 乾枯干枯 (gānkū)
  • 偏枯
  • 冢中枯骨 (zhǒngzhōngkūgǔ)
  • 勢若摧枯势若摧枯
  • 口枯眼澀口枯眼涩
  • 噓枯吹生嘘枯吹生
  • 夏枯草 (xiàkūcǎo)
  • 形容枯槁 (xíngróng kūgǎo)
  • 得失榮枯得失荣枯
  • 拉朽摧枯
  • 搜索枯腸搜索枯肠 (sōusuǒkūcháng)
  • 摧枯折腐
  • 摧枯拉朽 (cuīkū lāxiǔ)
  • 朽株枯木
  • 枯乾枯干 (kūgān)
  • 枯井
  • 枯坐 (kūzuò)
  • 枯寂 (kūjì)
  • 枯形灰心
  • 枯旱
  • 枯木 (kūmù)
  • 枯木朽株
  • 枯木死灰
  • 枯木生花
  • 枯木逢春 (kūmùféngchūn)
  • 枯朽 (kūxiǔ)
  • 枯枝再春
  • 枯楊生稊枯杨生稊
  • 枯楊生華枯杨生华
  • 枯槁 (kūgǎo)
  • 枯榮枯荣
  • 枯樁枯桩
  • 枯樹生華枯树生华
  • 枯樹開花枯树开花
  • 枯死 (kūsǐ)
  • 枯水期
  • 枯涸
  • 枯澀枯涩 (kūsè)
  • 枯燥 (kūzào)
  • 枯燥無味枯燥无味
  • 枯瘠
  • 枯礬枯矾
  • 枯禪枯禅
  • 枯窘
  • 枯竭 (kūjié)
  • 枯索 (kūsuǒ)
  • 枯腸枯肠
  • 枯莖朽骨枯茎朽骨 (kūjīngxiǔgǔ)
  • 枯萎 (kūwěi)
  • 枯葉蝶枯叶蝶
  • 枯骨
  • 枯魚枯鱼
  • 枯魚之肆枯鱼之肆
  • 枯魚涸轍枯鱼涸辙
  • 枯魚病鶴枯鱼病鹤
  • 枯魚銜索枯鱼衔索
  • 枯黃枯黄 (kūhuáng)
  • 根朽枝枯
  • 榮枯荣枯 (róngkū)
  • 油枯 (yóukū)
  • 油盡燈枯油尽灯枯
  • 海枯石爛海枯石烂 (hǎikūshílàn)
  • 涸轍之枯涸辙之枯
  • 涸轍枯魚涸辙枯鱼
  • 澤及枯骨泽及枯骨
  • 焦枯
  • 熬枯受淡
  • 生枯起朽
  • 瘦小枯乾瘦小枯干
  • 白如枯骨
  • 盛衰榮枯盛衰荣枯
  • 石枯松老
  • 石爛海枯石烂海枯
  • 立枯病
  • 索盡枯腸索尽枯肠
  • 老樹枯柴老树枯柴
  • 腸枯思竭肠枯思竭
  • 菀枯
  • 菊老荷枯
  • 釜底枯魚釜底枯鱼
  • 集苑集枯
  • 麻枯

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. wither; dry up

Readings

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 마를 (mareul go))

  1. Hanja form? of (dry up, wither).
  2. Hanja form? of (thirst).

Vietnamese

Glyph origin (Nom)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰaː) : semantic (mộc, wood, tree) + phonetic (cổ).

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: khô[1][2][3][4][5][6]
: Nôm readings: khô[1][2][3], gỗ[1][2], khò[3], khua[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of khô (dry, dried).
  2. Nôm form of gỗ (wood).

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Trần (1999).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
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