冬

冬 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 2730₃, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))

• 佟 咚 㚵 峂 㠽 㤏 𢫝 泈 㹣 㣠 𨒟 𣁲 昸 柊 炵 䂢 終(终) 𨀐 鉖 𩢦 鮗 鴤 鼨
• 䧷 䳉 䶱 㐑 螽 苳 㫡 笗 𩂓 㲇 鼕 氡 庝 疼 图 𥮴

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
• Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 867, character 19
• Unihan data for U+51AC
• Unihan data for U+2F81A

Historical forms of the character 冬
Shang	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːŋ) : phonetic 夂 (, “end”) + semantic 日 (“day”) or 仌 (“ice”).

Bronze script and Chu slip script

Composed of the early form of 終 (“end”, as well phonetic), here represented by Shuowen ancient script , + 日 (“day”). In bronze script, 日 () was inside . In Chu slip script, 日 () was below ().

Seal script, Qin clerical script and after

Composed of (“end”, as well phonetic) + 仌 (“ice”).

Wang (1982) and Sagart (2023b) relate it to 終 (OC *tjuŋ, “to end”). Sagart (ibid.) also proposes its cognacy to Chepang tyuŋh (“at end, be weak, exhausted”), dyumʔ (“at ease after completing work”), dyum (“terminate, reach end; to be at end”), Jingpho chatum (“end, finish”), Limbu tum-ma (“ripe, mature”), & Proto-Ao *a-thəm "end, finish".

冬

1. winter
2. (Cantonese) winter solstice

   做冬 [Cantonese]  ―  zou⁶ dung¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to celebrate the winter solstice with a dinner

   冬大過年／冬大过年 [Cantonese]  ―  dung¹ daai⁶ gwo³ nin⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  the winter solstice is more important than Chinese New Year

3. (Southern Min) year
4. (～日) (telegraphy) the second day of a month
5. Alternative form of 咚 (dōng, “bang; thud”)
6. a surname

• “冬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 冬)

• Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←とう (tou, historical)}
• Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)^{←とう (tou, historical)}
• Kun: ふゆ (fuyu, 冬, Jōyō)
• Nanori: かず (kazu); とし (toshi); ふゆ (fuyu)

• 冬瓜(かもうり) (kamouri)
• 忍冬(スイカズラ) (suikazura)

⟨puyu⟩ → /ɸuju/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *puyu.

• (Tokyo) ふゆ​ [fùyúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝjɯ̟ᵝ]

• Audio

  (file)

冬(ふゆ) • (fuyu) 

1. winter (season)

   Synonyms: 冬季 (tōki), 冬期 (tōki)

   冬(ふゆ)の狂(きょう)風(ふう)

   Fuyu no Kyōfū

   The Winds of Winter

From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC towng).

冬(とう) • (tō) 

1. winter

• ウィンター (wintā)

From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC towng). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Wikisource 冬 (eumhun 겨울 동 (gyeoul dong))

1. Hanja form^? of 동 (“winter”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• On (unclassified): とぅん (tun)
• Kun: ふゆ (fuyu, 冬, Jōyō)

Compare Japanese 冬 (fuyu, “winter”).

• IPA^(key): [ɸuju]

冬(ふゆ) (fuyu) 

1. winter

• “ふゆ【冬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

冬: Hán Nôm readings: đông[1]

1. chữ Hán form of đông (“winter”).