See also:
U+6207, 戇
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6207

[U+6206]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6208]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 61, +24, 28 strokes, cangjie input 難卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 07338, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 409, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525
  • Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2373, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6207

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms) : phonetic (OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic .

Etymology 1

trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𢥹
𢦀

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် (tɜ̀h, foolish, stupid)) by Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (32) (9)
Final () (1) (9)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I II
Fanqie
Baxter xuwngH traewngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/huŋH/ /ʈˠʌŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/huŋH/ /ʈᵚɔŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/həwŋH/ /ʈaɨwŋH/
Li
Rong
/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Wang
Li
/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xuŋH/ /ȶɔŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hòng zhuàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hung3 zong3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhuàng
Middle
Chinese
‹ xuwngH ›
Old
Chinese
/*qʰˁoŋ-s/
English stupid (Beaudouin, Sagart & Baxter, 2021)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6277 6291
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kr'oːms/ /*qʰloːms/

Definitions

  1. stupid and honest; simple
  2. blunt and tactless

Etymology 2

trad.
simp.
alternative forms
Min Nan
Min Nan
𰑟 Min Nan
Min Nan

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.

Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng (dull, stupid), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh (stupid), as well as Old Khmer lṅaṅya (stupid, obtuse, ignorant) > Khmer ល្ងង់ (lngŭəng)).

Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

Pronunciation


Note: gong3 - in 柴戇柴戆.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghai):
      • Wugniu: 6gaon
      • MiniDict: gaon
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3gaan
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡɑ̃²³/

Definitions

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded
    [Shanghainese]   6gaon-du [Wugniu]   idiot
    [Cantonese]   ngong6 geoi1 [Jyutping]   fool
    阿拉小囡美國首都啥地方曉得 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    阿拉小囡美国首都啥地方晓得 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    7aq-la 5shiau-noe 6lau 6gaon 0gheq 6li 5me-koq 5seu-tu 8laq 5sa-di-faon 6gha 8veq-shiau-teq [Wugniu]
    My kid is very stupid; they don't even know where the capital of America is.
  2. (dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
  3. (dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight
Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

• (dang) (hangeul , revised dang, McCuneReischauer tang, Yale tang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: tráng ((trắc)(giáng)(thiết))[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. Trần (2004).
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