垣

垣 U+57A3, 垣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A3
← 垢
[U+57A2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 垤 →
[U+57A4]

Translingual

Han character
Stroke order
9 strokes

垣 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土一日一 (GMAM), four-corner 41116, composition ⿰土亘)

  1. low wall

Derived characters
  • 𭈲, 𭝧

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5060
  • Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 437, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+57A3

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 垣

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 垣
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (亘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
烜 *qʰrolʔ, *qʰonʔ
貆 *qʰoːn, *ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘 *ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ
狟 *ɡoːn
絙 *ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
荁 *ɡoːn
宣 *sqʰon
咺 *qʰonʔ
暅 *qʰonʔ
桓 *ɡʷaːn
洹 *ɡʷaːn, *ɢʷan
揎 *sqʰʷan
愃 *sqʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
瑄 *sqʰʷan
渲 *sqʰʷans
喧 *qʰʷan
萱 *qʰʷan
暄 *qʰʷan
諠 *qʰʷan
翧 *qʰʷan
蝖 *qʰʷan
垣 *ɢʷan
楦 *qʰʷans

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 亘 ().

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 垣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 雨元切
Baxter hjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦuan/
Li
Rong		 /ɣiuɐn/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭwɐn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yuán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 垣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yuán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hjwon ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷar/
English wall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 垣
Reading # 1/1
No. 14017
Phonetic
component		 亘
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 袁
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷan/

Definitions

垣

  1. wall
  2. city
  3. (astronomy) enclosure

Compounds
  • 三垣
  • 垝垣
  • 城垣 (chéngyuán)
  • 垣墉 (yuányōng)
  • 垣牆／垣墙
  • 垣衣
  • 堧垣
  • 女垣
  • 宸垣
  • 寒垣
  • 屬垣／属垣
  • 屬垣有耳／属垣有耳
  • 張垣／张垣 (Zhāngyuán)
  • 掖垣
  • 敗宇頹垣／败宇颓垣
  • 新垣 (xīnyuán)
  • 斷井頹垣／断井颓垣
  • 斷垣殘壁／断垣残壁 (duànyuáncánbì)
  • 斷壁殘垣／断壁残垣 (duànbìcányuán)
  • 斷壁頹垣／断壁颓垣
  • 殘垣敗壁／残垣败壁
  • 泥垣宮／泥垣宫
  • 牆垣／墙垣 (qiángyuán)
  • 省垣
  • 短垣自逾
  • 破屋壞垣／破屋坏垣
  • 破瓦頹垣／破瓦颓垣
  • 籬垣／篱垣
  • 粉垣
  • 補垣塞穴／补垣塞穴
  • 襄垣縣／襄垣县
  • 西垣
  • 踰垣／逾垣
  • 鑽穴踰垣／钻穴逾垣
  • 陳垣／陈垣

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji
垣

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
垣
かき
Grade: S
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) かき​ [kàkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ka̠kʲi]

Noun

垣(かき) • (kaki) 

  1. fence

See also

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

垣: Hán Nôm readings: viên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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