柵

See also: 栅 and 棚
柵 U+67F5, 柵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F5
← 柴
[U+67F4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柶 →
[U+67F6]

Translingual

Han character

柵 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木月廿 (DBT), four-corner 47940, composition ⿰木冊)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 521, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14665
  • Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+67F5

Chinese
trad. 柵
simp. 栅
alternative forms 𣑭

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (删) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
珊 *slaːn
跚 *slaːn
姗 *slaːn
删 *sraːn
栅 *sʰraːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sraːns
Historical forms of the character 冊
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Oracle bone script

j04541

j04542

j04543

j04544

j04545

j04546

j04547

j04548

j04549

j04550

Bronze inscriptions

b02679

b02680

b02681

b02682

b02683

b02684

b02685

b02686

b02687

b02688

b02689

b02690

b02691

b02692

b02693

b02694

b02695

b02696

b02697

b02698

b02699

b02700

b02701

b02702

b02703

b02704

b02705

b02706

b02707

b02708

b02709

b02710

b02711

b02712

b02713

b02714

b02715

b02716

b02717

b02718

b02719

b02720

b02721

b02722

b02723

b02724

b02725

b02726

b02727

b02728

b02729

b02730

b02731

b02732

b02733

b02734

Transcribed ancient scripts

L38181

L38182

L38183

L27838

L27839

L27841

L27842

L27843

L27844

L27845

L27846

L27847

L27848

L27849

L27850

L27851

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (冊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
栅 *sʰraːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sraːns
冊 *sʰreːɡ
笧 *sʰreːɡ

Pronunciation 1

Note:
Rime
Character 柵 柵 柵
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 初 (19) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 刪 (69) 陌 (115) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) II III II
Fanqie 所晏切 測戟切 楚革切
Baxter sraenH tsrhjaek tsrheak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠanH/ /t͡ʃʰˠiæk̚/ /t͡ʃʰˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚanH/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚiak̚/ /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃɐnH/ /t͡ʃʰiak̚/ /t͡ʃʰɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂaɨnH/ /ʈ͡ʂʰiajk̚/ /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʃanH/ /t͡ʃʰiɐk̚/ /t͡ʃʰɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʃanH/ /t͡ʃʰĭɐk̚/ /t͡ʃʰæk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂanH/ /ʈ͡ʂʰiɐk̚/ /ʈ͡ʂʰæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàn chi che
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 saan3 cik1 cak1

Definitions

柵

  1. fence; railing; palisade

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

柵

  1. Only used in 柵極／栅极 and 光柵／光栅 (guāngshān).

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

柵

  1. Only used in 上柵／上栅 and 下柵／下栅, place names in Zhongshan, Guangdong.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
柵

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. fence, stockade
  2. fort
  3. weir

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
  • 柵(さく)戸(こ) (sakuko)
  • 柵(さく)址(し) (sakushi)
  • 柵塁(さくるい) (sakurui)
  • 砦柵(さいさく) (saisaku)
  • 城柵(じょうさく) (jōsaku)
  • 竹柵(ちくさく) (chikusaku)
  • 鉄柵(てっさく) (tessaku)
  • 馬柵(うませ) (umase), 馬柵(ませ) (mase)

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
柵
さく
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 柵 (MC tsrhjaek).

Compare modern Cantonese 柵／栅 (caak3).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) さく​ [sàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

柵(さく) • (saku) 

  1. a fence
    Synonym: 垣 (kaki)
  2. (by extension) a wooden fort
    Synonym: 塞, 砦 (toride)
  3. a weir
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 柵(さく)際(ぎわ) (sakugiwa)
  • 柵杭(さくくい) (sakukui)
  • 柵(さく)の木(き) (saku no ki)
  • 柵(さく)門(もん) (sakumon)
  • 柵(さく)矢来(やらい) (sakuyarai)
  • 厨(くりや)川(がわ)の柵(さく) (Kuriyagawa no Saku)
  • 電気(でんき)柵(さく) (denkisaku), 電(でん)柵(さく) (densaku)
  • 渟(ぬ)足(たりの)柵(さく) (Nutari no Saku)
  • 牧(ぼく)柵(さく) (bokusaku)
  • 槍(やり)柵(さく) (yarisaku)
  • 欄柵(らんさく) (ransaku)

Proper noun

柵(さく) • (Saku) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
柵
しがらみ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨siɡarami1⟩ → /siɡaramʲi/ → /ɕiɡarami/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 柵む (shigaramu, “to entangle”).[2]

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しがらみ [shìgárámí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕiɡa̠ɾa̠mʲi]

Noun

柵(しがらみ) • (shigarami) 

  1. a weir
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 197:
      明日香(あすか)川(がは)四我良美(しがらみ)渡(わた)之(し)塞益(せかませ)者(ば)進(ながる)留(る)水(みづ)母(も)能杼尓賀(のどにか)有(あら)萬思(まし) [Man'yōgana]
      明日香(あすか)川(がは)しがらみ渡(わた)し塞(せ)かませば流(なが)るる水(みづ)ものどにかあらまし [Modern spelling]
      Asuka-gawa shigarami watashi sekamaseba nagaruru mizu mo nodo ni ka aramashi
      Asuka River―if one were to fence the stream, blocking it with weirs, surely the rushing water would lie calm within its banks.[3]
    • 905, Kokin Wakashū, (book 5, poem 303; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 32)
      山川(やまがは)に風(かぜ)のかけたるしがらみは流(なが)れもあへぬ紅葉(もみぢ)なりけり
      yamagawa ni kaze no kaketaru shigarami wa nagare mo aenu momiji narikeri
      the autumn leaves are unable to resist the current flowing past the weir built by the wind in the deep mountain river.[4]
  2. (by extension) an obstacle
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 柵(しがらみ)伏(ふ)す (shigaramifusu)
  • 風(かぜ)の柵(しがらみ) (kaze no shigarami)
  • 義理(ぎり)の柵(しがらみ) (giri no shigarami)
  • 鹿(しか)の柵(しがらみ) (shika no shigarami)
  • 袖(そで)の柵(しがらみ) (sode no shigarami)
  • 流(なが)し柵(しがらみ) (nagashi-shigarami)
  • 冬(ふゆ)の柵(しがらみ) (fuyu no shigarami)

Proper noun

柵(しがらみ) • (Shigarami) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
柵
き
Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨ki2⟩ → */kʷɨ/ → /ki/

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kʲi]

Noun

柵(き) • (ki) 

  1. a fortress
    Synonyms: 城 (shiro), 砦 (toride)
Derived terms
  • 柵戸(きのへ) (kinohe), 柵戸(きへ) (kihe)
  • 雄(お)勝(かち)の柵(き) (Okachi no Ki)
  • 金沢(かねざわ)の柵(き) (Kanezawa no Ki)
  • 渟(ぬ)足(たりの)柵(き) (Nutari no Ki)

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
柵
くえ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨kupe1⟩ → */kupʲe/ → /kufe/ → /kuwe/ → /kue/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝe̞]

Noun

柵(くえ) • (kue) ←くへ (kufe)?

  1. (obsolete) a fence
    Synonym: 崩垣 (kuegaki)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3537:
      , text here
      久敝(くへ)胡之尓(こしに)武藝波武古宇馬能(むぎはむこうまの)波都々々尓(はつはつに)安比見之兒良之(あひみしこらし)安夜尓可奈思母(あやにかなしも) [Man'yōgana]
      くへ越(こ)しに麦(むぎ)食(は)む小(こ)馬(うま)のはつはつに相(あひ)見(み)し子(こ)らしあやに愛(かな)しも [Modern spelling]
      kuekoshi ni mugi hamu kouma no hatsuhatsu ni aimishi korashi aya ni kanashi mo
      Like a horse going over a fence and eating wheat, I barely see her; how lovely she is.
  2. the exit and entrance of a port
Derived terms
  • 柵(くえ)越(こ)し (kuekoshi)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 217
  4. Laurel Rasplica Rodd, Mary Catherine Henkenius (1996) Kokinshū: A Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern, reprint edition, Cheng & Tsui, →ISBN, page 134

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 柵 (MC tsrhjaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄎᆡᆨ〮 (chóyk) (Yale: chóyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰɛk̚] ~ [t͡ɕʰe̞k̚]
  • Phonetic hangul: [책/첵]

Hanja

Wikisource 柵 (eumhun 울타리 책 (ultari chaek))

  1. Hanja form? of 책 (“fence”).

Compounds
Compounds
  • 철책 (鐵柵, cheolchaek)
  • 목책 (木柵, mokchaek)
  • 책루 (柵壘, chaengnu)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

柵: Hán Nôm readings: sách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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