wy
English
Alternative forms
Noun
wy (plural wies)
- The name of the letter Y.
- 1856, Goold Brown, The First Lines of English Grammar, page 10:
- The names of the letters, as now commonly spoken and written in English, are A, Bee, Cee, Dee, E, Eff, Gee, Aitch, I, Jay, Kay, Ell, Em, En, O, Pee, Kue, Ar, Ess, Tee, U, Vee, Double-u, Ex, Wy, Zee.
Translations
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vy, from Proto-Indo-European *wos.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /wɨ/
Declension
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ty | wej | wy |
Genitive | śi tebje¹ |
waju | was |
Dative | śi tebje¹ |
wama | wam |
Accusative | śi tebje¹ |
waju | was |
Instrumental | tobu | wama | wami |
Locative | tebje | wama | was |
Possessive determiner | twój | waju | waš |
¹ Both śi and tebje are used when no preposition precedes, but after a preposition only tebje is used.
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vy. First attested in the 14th century.
Declension
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “wy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “wy”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish wy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vɨ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈvɨ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɨ
- Syllabification: wy
Pronoun
wy
Declension
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), wy is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 2 times in scientific texts, 3 times in news, 11 times in essays, 64 times in fiction, and 199 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 279 times, making it the 182nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
See also
- Appendix:Polish pronouns
References
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “wy”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 687
Further reading
- wy in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- wy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “wy”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Renata Bronikowska (22.06.2021) “WY”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “wy”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “wy”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “wy”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 791
Silesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvɨ/
- Rhymes: -ɨ
- Syllabification: wy
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polish wy.
Declension
Further reading
- wy in silling.org
Upper Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vy, from Proto-Indo-European *wos.
Declension
First person pronouns | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ja | mój | my | |||||
Genitive | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Dative | mi (after preposition) mni |
namaj | nam | |||||
Accusative | mje (after preposition) mnje |
naju | nas | |||||
Instrumental | mnu | namaj | nami | |||||
Locative | mni | nas | ||||||
Second person pronouns | ||||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
Nominative | ty | wój | wy | |||||
Genitive | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Dative | ći (after preposition) tebi |
wamaj | wam | |||||
Accusative | će (after preposition) tebje |
waju | was | |||||
Instrumental | tobu | wamaj | wami | |||||
Locative | tebi | was | ||||||
Third person pronouns | ||||||||
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual virile | Dual nonvirile | Plural virile | Plural nonvirile | ||
Nominative | wón | wona | wono | wonaj | wonej | woni | wone | |
Genitive | jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeje (after preposition) njeje |
jeho (after preposition) njeho |
jeju | jich (after preposition) nich |
|||
Dative | jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jemu (after preposition) njemu |
jimaj (after preposition) nimaj |
jim (after preposition) nim | |||
Accusative | jón (after preposition) njón (animate) jeho (animate after preposition) njeho |
ju (after preposition) nju |
jo, je (after preposition) njo, nje |
jeju (after preposition) njeju |
jej (after preposition) njej |
jich (after preposition) nich |
je (after preposition) nje | |
Instrumental | nim | njej | nim | nimaj | nimi | |||
Locative | nich |
Further reading
- “wy” in Soblex
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh wy, from Old Welsh ui, from Proto-Celtic *āwyom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /uːɨ̯/
- (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ʊi̯/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /wiː/
- Rhymes: -ʊɨ̯
Derived terms
- gwyn wy
- melyn wy
- wy Pasg
- wyfa, wygell (“ovary”)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
wy | unchanged | unchanged | hwy |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “wy”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian wī, from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy-, plural of *éǵh₂.
Inflection
Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
1. Now mostly archaic and unused |
Further reading
- “wy”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011