warnen
German
Etymology
From Middle High German warnen (“to watch over, protect”), Old High German warnen (“to deny, refuse, decline”), from Proto-West Germanic *warnōn.
Cognate with Old Norse varna (“to refuse”), Old Saxon wernian (“to decline, withhold”), Old English wyrnan, English warn.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvaʁnən/ (standard)
- IPA(key): /ˈvaːnən/, /ˈvaːnn̩/ (widespread, especially northern and central Germany)
Audio (Austria) (file)
Verb
warnen (weak, third-person singular present warnt, past tense warnte, past participle gewarnt, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive, with vor + dative) to warn, to caution, to admonish
- Kritiker warnen vor unabsehbaren Folgen für Gesundheit und Umwelt.
- Critics warn against the unpredictable impact on human health and the environment.
Conjugation
infinitive | warnen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | warnend | ||||
past participle | gewarnt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich warne | wir warnen | i | ich warne | wir warnen |
du warnst | ihr warnt | du warnest | ihr warnet | ||
er warnt | sie warnen | er warne | sie warnen | ||
preterite | ich warnte | wir warnten | ii | ich warnte1 | wir warnten1 |
du warntest | ihr warntet | du warntest1 | ihr warntet1 | ||
er warnte | sie warnten | er warnte1 | sie warnten1 | ||
imperative | warn (du) warne (du) |
warnt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Related terms
- Warndreieck
- Warnhinweis
- Warnlaut
- Warnleuchte
- Warnruf
- Warnschrei
- Warnschuss
- Warnsignal
- Warnton
- Warnweste
- Warnzeichen
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “warnen”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Middle English
Alternative forms
- warnien
Etymology
From Old English wearnian.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwarnən/
Conjugation
Conjugation of warnen (weak in -ed)
infinitive | (to) warnen, warne | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | warne | warned | |
2nd-person singular | warnest | warnedest | |
3rd-person singular | warneth | warned | |
subjunctive singular | warne | ||
imperative singular | — | ||
plural1 | warnen, warne | warneden, warnede | |
imperative plural | warneth, warne | — | |
participles | warnynge, warnende | warned, ywarned |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: warn
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