sumir
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese sumir~somir, from Latin sūmere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [suˈmiɾ]
Verb
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, third-person singular present some, first-person singular preterite sumín, past participle sumido)
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, third-person singular present some, first-person singular preterite sumim or sumi, past participle sumido, reintegrationist norm)
- to cave in; to sink
- Synonym: afundir
- to consume; to decrease
- c. 1840, Ramón Varela Vahamonde, Conversa entre os arrieiros:
- Por eso non queren suba
Na sisa nin na taberna
E, en tanto que os demais paguen,
Eles recachan a perna.
E como serán sumidos
En bebedelas, o aumento,
Dan a sisa pol-os tragos
E miran outros pr’o vento.- That's why they don't want an increase
in the surcharge nor in the tavern
and, as long as the others pay,
they uncover the leg [they sunbathe].
And since they are gonna be consumed
in binges, the augment,
they give the surcharge for the gulps
and others look into the wind.
- That's why they don't want an increase
- to submerge
- Synonym: mergullar
- (figuratively) to cause to fall, to trip up
- (figuratively) to fall into (a state of being)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | sumir | |||||
Personal | sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumiren |
Gerund | ||||||
sumindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | sumido | sumidos | ||||
Feminine | sumida | sumidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | sumo | somes | some | sumimos | sumides | somen |
Imperfect | sumía | sumías | sumía | sumiamos | sumiades | sumían |
Preterite | sumín | sumiches | sumiu | sumimos | sumistes | sumiron |
Pluperfect | sumira | sumiras | sumira | sumiramos | sumirades | sumiran |
Future | sumirei | sumirás | sumirá | sumiremos | sumiredes | sumirán |
Conditional | sumiría | sumirías | sumiría | sumiriamos | sumiriades | sumirían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | suma | sumas | suma | sumamos | sumades | suman |
Imperfect | sumise | sumises | sumise | sumísemos | sumísedes | sumisen |
Future | sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumiren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | sume | suma | sumamos | sumide | suman | |
Negative (non) | non sumas | non suma | non sumamos | non sumades | non suman |
1Less recommended.
References
- “sumir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “sumir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “sumir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- “sumir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “sumir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- “sumir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Icelandic
Etymology
Old Norse sumr.
Old Norse
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese sumir~somir, from Latin sūmere.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ʁ)/ [suˈmi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ʁ)/ [suˈmi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /suˈmiɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /suˈmi.ɾi/
- Hyphenation: su‧mir
Verb
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, third-person singular present some, first-person singular preterite sumi, past participle sumido)
- (intransitive) to vanish, to disappear
- Synonyms: desaparecer, evaporar
- O rapaz sumiu! ― The boy vanished!
- to submerge, to sink
- to be wasted or consumed
- O dinheiro some. ― Money is wasted away
- to hide [+ com (object)]
- Synonym: esconder
- Vou sumir com seus cigarros! ― I'm going to hide your cigarettes!
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | sumir | |||||
Personal | sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumirem |
Gerund | ||||||
sumindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | sumido | sumidos | ||||
Feminine | sumida | sumidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | sumo | somes | some | sumimos | sumis | somem |
Imperfect | sumia | sumias | sumia | sumíamos | sumíeis | sumiam |
Preterite | sumi | sumiste | sumiu | sumimos | sumistes | sumiram |
Pluperfect | sumira | sumiras | sumira | sumíramos | sumíreis | sumiram |
Future | sumirei | sumirás | sumirá | sumiremos | sumireis | sumirão |
Conditional | sumiria | sumirias | sumiria | sumiríamos | sumiríeis | sumiriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | suma | sumas | suma | sumamos | sumais | sumam |
Imperfect | sumisse | sumisses | sumisse | sumíssemos | sumísseis | sumissem |
Future | sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | some | suma | sumamos | sumi | sumam | |
Negative (não) | não sumas | não suma | não sumamos | não sumais | não sumam |
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Spanish somir, from Latin sūmere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /suˈmiɾ/ [suˈmiɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: su‧mir
Verb
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, first-person singular preterite sumí, past participle sumido)
- to submerge
- Synonym: sumergir
- (reflexive, figurative) to be devoured (by); to wallow in; to get tied up (in)
- Synonym: enredar
- 1864, Eugenio de Ochoa (translator), José Garnier, Elementos de economía política:
- la sociedad volvería a sumirse en la barbarie
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1922, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, La tierra de todos:
- Se sumió otra vez el joven en su monótona labor de dibujante lineal; pero á los pocos instantes sus ojos volvieron á levantarse del papel.
- Once again the young man wallowed in his tedious work as a line drawer, but a short while later he looked back up from the paper.
Conjugation
infinitive | sumir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sumiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sumido | sumida | |||||
plural | sumidos | sumidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sumo | sumestú sumísvos |
sume | sumimos | sumís | sumen | |
imperfect | sumía | sumías | sumía | sumíamos | sumíais | sumían | |
preterite | sumí | sumiste | sumió | sumimos | sumisteis | sumieron | |
future | sumiré | sumirás | sumirá | sumiremos | sumiréis | sumirán | |
conditional | sumiría | sumirías | sumiría | sumiríamos | sumiríais | sumirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | suma | sumastú sumásvos2 |
suma | sumamos | sumáis | suman | |
imperfect (ra) |
sumiera | sumieras | sumiera | sumiéramos | sumierais | sumieran | |
imperfect (se) |
sumiese | sumieses | sumiese | sumiésemos | sumieseis | sumiesen | |
future1 | sumiere | sumieres | sumiere | sumiéremos | sumiereis | sumieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | sumetú sumívos |
suma | sumamos | sumid | suman | ||
negative | no sumas | no suma | no sumamos | no sumáis | no suman |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive sumir | |||||||
dative | sumirme | sumirte | sumirle, sumirse | sumirnos | sumiros | sumirles, sumirse | |
accusative | sumirme | sumirte | sumirlo, sumirla, sumirse | sumirnos | sumiros | sumirlos, sumirlas, sumirse | |
with gerund sumiendo | |||||||
dative | sumiéndome | sumiéndote | sumiéndole, sumiéndose | sumiéndonos | sumiéndoos | sumiéndoles, sumiéndose | |
accusative | sumiéndome | sumiéndote | sumiéndolo, sumiéndola, sumiéndose | sumiéndonos | sumiéndoos | sumiéndolos, sumiéndolas, sumiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sume | |||||||
dative | súmeme | súmete | súmele | súmenos | not used | súmeles | |
accusative | súmeme | súmete | súmelo, súmela | súmenos | not used | súmelos, súmelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sumí | |||||||
dative | sumime | sumite | sumile | suminos | not used | sumiles | |
accusative | sumime | sumite | sumilo, sumila | suminos | not used | sumilos, sumilas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative suma | |||||||
dative | súmame | not used | súmale, súmase | súmanos | not used | súmales | |
accusative | súmame | not used | súmalo, súmala, súmase | súmanos | not used | súmalos, súmalas | |
with first-person plural imperative sumamos | |||||||
dative | not used | sumámoste | sumámosle | sumámonos | sumámoos | sumámosles | |
accusative | not used | sumámoste | sumámoslo, sumámosla | sumámonos | sumámoos | sumámoslos, sumámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative sumid | |||||||
dative | sumidme | not used | sumidle | sumidnos | sumíos | sumidles | |
accusative | sumidme | not used | sumidlo, sumidla | sumidnos | sumíos | sumidlos, sumidlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative suman | |||||||
dative | súmanme | not used | súmanle | súmannos | not used | súmanles, súmanse | |
accusative | súmanme | not used | súmanlo, súmanla | súmannos | not used | súmanlos, súmanlas, súmanse |
Related terms
Further reading
- “sumir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983) “sumir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 336