gul
English
Etymology
From Classical Persian گُل (gul, “flower”).
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH-; cognate with English callow, Serbo-Croatian gol, Latvian gāle (“sheet of ice, black ice”).[1] Possibly related to ngul.
Derived terms
- guli
- gulixhë
References
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “gul”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 126
Aleut
Pronunciation
- (Western) IPA(key): /ˈɣul/
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Bouyei
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ku˨˦/
Bura
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡúl]
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Cornish
Conjugation
Indicative | Subjunctive | Imperative | |||||
Pres-fut | Imperfect | Preterite | Conditional | Pres-fut | Imperfect | ||
1s | gwrav vy | gwren vy | gwrug(av) vy | gwrussen vy | gwrylliv vy | gwrellen vy | - |
2s | gwredh jy, gwre'ta | gwres jy | gwrugys jy, gwruss'ta | gwrusses jy | gwrylli jy | gwrelles jy | gwra |
3s | gwra ev | gwre ev | gwrug ev | gwrussa ev | gwrello ev | gwrella ev | gwres |
1p | gwren ni | gwren ni | gwrussyn ni | gwrussen ni | gwryllyn ni | gwrellen ni | gwren |
2p | gwrewgh hwi | gwrewgh hwi | gwrussowgh hwi | gwrussewgh hwi | gwryllowgh hwi | gwrellewgh hwi | gwrewgh |
3p | gwrons i | gwrens i | gwrussons i | gwrussens i | gwrellons i | gwrellens i | gwrens |
0 | gwrer | gwres | gwrug | gwrussys | gwreller | gwrellys | - |
Present participle: ow kul Verbal adjective: gwrys |
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡuːˀl/, [ɡ̊uˀl], [kuˀl]
Inflection
Inflection of gul | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | gul | — | —2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | gult | — | —2 |
Plural | gule | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | gule | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣʏl/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: gul
- Rhymes: -ʏl
Etymology 1
Uncertain. Probably cognate with West Frisian gol (“kind of heart”), Middle English gulle (“friendly”).
Adjective
gul (comparative guller, superlative gulst)
Inflection
Inflection of gul | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | gul | |||
inflected | gulle | |||
comparative | guller | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | gul | guller | het gulst het gulste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | gulle | gullere | gulste |
n. sing. | gul | guller | gulste | |
plural | gulle | gullere | gulste | |
definite | gulle | gullere | gulste | |
partitive | guls | gullers | — |
Synonyms
- (generous): genereus, goedgeefs, munificent, vrijgevig, royaal
Derived terms
- gulaardig
- gulhartig
- gulheid
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch *gul(le) (attested only in the diminutive gullekijn). Uncertain, but plausibly related to geel (“yellow”).
Faroese
Indonesian

Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡʊl]
- Hyphenation: gul
Noun
gul (first-person possessive gulku, second-person possessive gulmu, third-person possessive gulnya)
Further reading
- “gul” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Khalaj
Perso-Arabic | گُل |
---|
Pronunciation
- (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [ɡʊl], [ɡo̝l]
Declension
References
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Mangas
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡùl/
References
- Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.
Middle English
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡul(ə)/, /ˈɡoːl(ə)/
Descendants
- ⇒ Scots: golgrav
- Yola: ghou
See also
whit | grey, hor | blak |
red; cremesyn, gernet | citrine, aumbre; broun, tawne | yelow, dorry, gul; canevas |
grasgrene | grene | |
plunket; ewage | asure, livid | blewe, blo, pers |
violet; inde | rose, murrey; purpel, purpur | claret |
References
- “gul, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
North Frisian
Chemical element | |
---|---|
Au | Next: kwaksalwer (Hg) |
Etymology
From Old Frisian gold (“gold”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”).
Northern Kurdish
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian گُل (gul).
Derived terms
- gulan
- gulav
- gulberoj
- gulbihar
- gulbijêr
- gulbijêrk
- gulçin
- gulçinî
- gulçîn
- gulçînî
- gulçînîtî
- guldank
- guldeste
- guleberbiro
- gulebûk
- gulfîdan
- gulgîn
- gulgulî
- gulhingivîn
- gulî
- gulî
- gulî
- gulik
- gulik
- gulistan
- gulistanî
- gulî
- gulkelem
- gulkelemî
- gulnas
- gulnasî
- gulnesrîn
- gulperî
- gulşen
- gulşen
- gulyar
- gulyarî
- gulzan
- gulzanî
Norwegian Bokmål
Adjective
gul (masculine and feminine gul, neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulere, indefinite superlative gulest, definite superlative guleste)
References
- “gul” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/
Adjective
gul (neuter gult, definite singular and plural gule, comparative gulare, indefinite superlative gulast, definite superlative gulaste)
See also
kvit | grå | svart |
raud | oransje; brun | gul |
grøn | ||
(turkis) | blå | |
rosa; lilla | rosa |
References
- “gul” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Onomatopoeic.
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Declension
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Sumerian
Swedish
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Etymology
From Old Norse gulr, from Proto-Germanic *gulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʉːl/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ʉːl
Declension
Inflection of gul | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | gul | gulare | gulast |
Neuter singular | gult | gulare | gulast |
Plural | gula | gulare | gulast |
Masculine plural3 | gule | gulare | gulast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | gule | gulare | gulaste |
All | gula | gulare | gulaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Related terms
Turkmen
Declension
Uzbek
Declension
my | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | gulim | gullarim |
genitive | gulimning | gullarimning |
dative | gulimga | gullarimga |
definite accusative | gulimni | gullarimni |
locative | gulimda | gullarimda |
ablative | gulimdan | gullarimdan |
your | singular | plural |
nominative | guling | gullaring |
genitive | gulingning | gullaringning |
dative | gulingga | gullaringga |
definite accusative | gulingni | gullaringni |
locative | gulingda | gullaringda |
ablative | gulingdan | gullaringdan |
her/his/its | singular | plural |
nominative | guli | gullari |
genitive | gulining | gullarining |
dative | guliga | gullariga |
definite accusative | gulini | gullarini |
locative | gulida | gullarida |
ablative | gulidan | gullaridan |
our | singular | plural |
nominative | gulimiz | gullarimiz |
genitive | gulimizning | gullarimizning |
dative | gulimizga | gullarimizga |
definite accusative | gulimizni | gullarimizni |
locative | gulimizda | gullarimizda |
ablative | gulimizdan | gullarimizdan |
your | singular | plural |
nominative | gulingiz | gullaringiz |
genitive | gulingizning | gullaringizning |
dative | gulingizga | gullaringizga |
definite accusative | gulingizni | gullaringizni |
locative | gulingizda | gullaringizda |
ablative | gulingizdan | gullaringizdan |
their | singular | plural |
nominative | guli | gullari |
genitive | gulining | gullarining |
dative | guliga | gullariga |
definite accusative | gulini | gullarini |
locative | gulida | gullarida |
ablative | gulidan | gullaridan |
Synonyms
Volapük
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡul/
Welsh
Zou
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Etymology
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruul, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ruːl. Cognates include Khimi Chin mägui and Tibetan སྦྲུལ (sbrul).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡul˧/
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40