endesha

Swahili

Etymology

From -enda (“to go”) +‎ -esha (causative affix).

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-endesha (infinitive kuendesha)

  1. Causative form of -enda: to drive (operate a motor vehicle), to ride (to ride a horse)
    kuendesha gari ― to drive a car
    kuendesha baiskeli ― to ride a bicycle
    kuendesha farasi ― to ride a horse
  2. to manage
  3. to pressurize
  4. (medicine) to have diarrhea

Conjugation
Conjugation of -endesha
Positive present -naendesha
Subjunctive -endeshe
Negative -endeshi
Imperative singular endesha
Infinitives
Positive kuendesha
Negative kutoendesha
Imperatives
Singular endesha
Plural endesheni
Tensed forms
Habitual huendesha
Positive past positive subject concord + -liendesha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuendesha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naendesha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninaendesha/naendesha tunaendesha
2nd person unaendesha mnaendesha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaendesha wanaendesha
other classes positive subject concord + -naendesha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -endeshi)
Singular Plural
1st person siendeshi hatuendeshi
2nd person huendeshi hamwendeshi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haendeshi hawaendeshi
other classes negative subject concord + -endeshi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taendesha
Negative future negative subject concord + -taendesha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -endeshe)
Singular Plural
1st person niendeshe tuendeshe
2nd person uendeshe mwendeshe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aendeshe waendeshe
other classes positive subject concord + -endeshe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siendeshe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeendesha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeendesha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliendesha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliendesha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aendesha)
Singular Plural
1st person naendesha twaendesha
2nd person waendesha mwaendesha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aendesha waendesha
m-mi(III/IV) waendesha yaendesha
ji-ma(V/VI) laendesha yaendesha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaendesha vyaendesha
n(IX/X) yaendesha zaendesha
u(XI) waendesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaendesha
pa(XVI) paendesha
mu(XVIII) mwaendesha
Perfect positive subject concord + -meendesha
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshaendesha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaendesha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiendesha
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipoendesha
Consecutive kaendesha / positive subject concord + -kaendesha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaendeshe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -niendesha -tuendesha
2nd person -kuendesha -waendesha/-kuendesheni/-waendesheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwendesha -waendesha
m-mi(III/IV) -uendesha -iendesha
ji-ma(V/VI) -liendesha -yaendesha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiendesha -viendesha
n(IX/X) -iendesha -ziendesha
u(XI) -uendesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuendesha
pa(XVI) -paendesha
mu(XVIII) -muendesha
Reflexive -jiendesha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -endesha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -endeshaye -endeshao
m-mi(III/IV) -endeshao -endeshayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -endeshalo -endeshayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -endeshacho -endeshavyo
n(IX/X) -endeshayo -endeshazo
u(XI) -endeshao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -endeshako
pa(XVI) -endeshapo
mu(XVIII) -endeshamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -endesha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeendesha -oendesha
m-mi(III/IV) -oendesha -yoendesha
ji-ma(V/VI) -loendesha -yoendesha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choendesha -vyoendesha
n(IX/X) -yoendesha -zoendesha
u(XI) -oendesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koendesha
pa(XVI) -poendesha
mu(XVIII) -moendesha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
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