enda
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *häntä, which is derived from *hän (by reanalysis of the partitive singular as a new stem), compare Finnish hän (“he, she”). Cognate to Livonian eņtš (“own, self”). See also enese.
Usage notes
There is no nominative (ise is used as one). The singular forms can also be used in the plural.
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | - | endid |
genitive | enda | endi |
partitive | end | endid |
illative | endasse | endisse |
inessive | endas | endis |
elative | endast | endist |
allative | endale | endile |
adessive | endal | endil |
ablative | endalt | endilt |
translative | endaks | endiks |
terminative | endani | endini |
essive | endana | endina |
abessive | endata | endita |
comitative | endaga | endiga |
Synonyms
Faroese
Verb
enda (third person singular past indicative endaði, third person plural past indicative endað, supine endað)
- to end
Conjugation
Conjugation of enda (group v-30) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | enda | |
supine | endað | |
participle (a6)1 | endandi | endaður |
present | past | |
first singular | endi | endaði |
second singular | endar | endaði |
third singular | endar | endaði |
plural | enda | endaðu |
imperative | ||
singular | enda! | |
plural | endið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Iban
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *daʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diaq.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [əndaʔ]
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛnta/
- Rhymes: -ɛnta
Etymology 1
Ultimately from enn þá. Possibly influenced by or borrowed from Danish endda (“even!”). Cognate with Danish endda (“even!”), Swedish ändå (“yet”), Norwegian Nynorsk endå.
Conjunction
enda
- "which is natural, since ..." (the first clause comes as a logical conclusion of the second clause)
- Hann er góður með dýr, enda er hann úr sveitinni. ― He's good with animals, which is natural since he is from the countryside.
- Enda er ég orðinn sjötugur. ― That is to be expected, since I am now 70 years old.
Etymology 2
From endi.
Verb
enda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative endaði, supine endað)
Conjugation
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að enda | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
endað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
endandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég enda | við endum | present (nútíð) |
ég endi | við endum |
þú endar | þið endið | þú endir | þið endið | ||
hann, hún, það endar | þeir, þær, þau enda | hann, hún, það endi | þeir, þær, þau endi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég endaði | við enduðum | past (þátíð) |
ég endaði | við enduðum |
þú endaðir | þið enduðuð | þú endaðir | þið enduðuð | ||
hann, hún, það endaði | þeir, þær, þau enduðu | hann, hún, það endaði | þeir, þær, þau enduðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
enda (þú) | endið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
endaðu | endiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
Derived terms
Kikuyu
Etymology
Hinde (1904) records “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu kwenda (“to like”) and kuenda (“to want”), listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba gumwenda (“to like”) and gungwenda (“to want”), “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba guenda (“to like”), and Swahili kupenda (“to like”) etc. as their equivalents.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛⁿda/
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “to like”): kũmena
Derived terms
(Nouns)
(Proverbs)
- mũndũ ũtarĩ mbũri ndendaga nyama
- ngoro ĩrĩĩaga kĩrĩa yenda
References
- Hinde, Hildegarde (1904). Vocabularies of the Kamba and Kikuyu languages of East Africa, pp. 36–37, 64–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Kĩnyua, Johnson Kĩriakũ (2010). The Agĩkũyũ, the bible and colonial constructs: towards an ordinary African readers' hermeneutics, pp. 148–149. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham.
- Barlow, A. Ruffell (1960). Studies in Kikuyu Grammar and Idiom, pp. 32, 247.
- Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 360. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
Luba-Kasai
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gènda.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Verb
enda (present tense endar, past tense enda, past participle enda, passive infinitive endast, present participle endande, imperative enda/end)
References
- “enda” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Old Norse
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gènda.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gènda.
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya) (file)
Usage notes
This verb can be used as an auxiliary verb in the perfect or past, followed by an infinitive or a bare stem, meaning "just at that time" or "just now" (depending on the temporal context).
Conjugation
Standard Swahili conjugation:
Conjugation of -enda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
In colloquial language, the kw- prefix is often dropped in tensed forms.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²ɛnda/
Audio (file) - Homophone: ända
Further reading
- enda in Svensk ordbok.
Tooro
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /éːnda/
- Rhymes: -éːnda
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *ndà (“abdomen; intestines; pregnancy; inside”). Doublet of orura (“small intestine”).
Derived terms
- nyinenda (“womb; afterbirth”)
- ebyenda (“intestine; bowl”)
- omunda (“inside”)
- omufu w'enda (“stingy person”)
- obufu w'enda (“stinginess”)
- enda y'ente (“rumen”)
- -rumwa enda (“to have a stomach ache”)
- -ihamu enda (“to have a miscarriage”)
Etymology 2
From Common Bantu *ndá (“louse”). Cognate with Rwanda-Rundi indá (“louse”).
References
- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 11, 14, 20, 47, 167, 255, 266-268 and 394
- Entry 773 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
- Entry 780 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-gènda.
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukwenda | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukwenda | ukungendi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yenda | -ende | |||||||
Plural | yendani | -endeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyenda, ngenda | engendayo, engenda | ngenda | angendi | engingendi | ngingendi | |||
2nd singular | uyenda, wenda | owendayo, owenda | wenda | awendi | ongendi | ungendi | |||
1st plural | siyenda, senda | esendayo, esenda | senda | asendi | esingendi | singendi | |||
2nd plural | niyenda, nenda | enendayo, enenda | nenda | anendi | eningendi | ningendi | |||
Class 1 | uyenda, wenda | owendayo, owenda | enda | akendi | ongendi | engendi | |||
Class 2 | bayenda, benda | abendayo, abenda | benda | abendi | abangendi | bengendi | |||
Class 3 | uyenda, wenda | owendayo, owenda | wenda | awendi | ongendi | ungendi | |||
Class 4 | iyenda, yenda | eyendayo, eyenda | yenda | ayendi | engendi | ingendi | |||
Class 5 | liyenda, lenda | elendayo, elenda | lenda | alendi | elingendi | lingendi | |||
Class 6 | ayenda, enda | endayo, enda | enda | awendi | angendi | engendi | |||
Class 7 | siyenda, senda | esendayo, esenda | senda | asendi | esingendi | singendi | |||
Class 8 | ziyenda, zenda | ezendayo, ezenda | zenda | azendi | ezingendi | zingendi | |||
Class 9 | iyenda, yenda | eyendayo, eyenda | yenda | ayendi | engendi | ingendi | |||
Class 10 | ziyenda, zenda | ezendayo, ezenda | zenda | azendi | ezingendi | zingendi | |||
Class 11 | luyenda, lwenda | olwendayo, olwenda | lwenda | alwendi | olungendi | lungendi | |||
Class 14 | buyenda, benda | obendayo, obenda | benda | abendi | obungendi | bungendi | |||
Class 15 | kuyenda, kwenda | okwendayo, okwenda | kwenda | akwendi | okungendi | kungendi | |||
Class 17 | kuyenda, kwenda | okwendayo, okwenda | kwenda | akwendi | okungendi | kungendi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngendile, ngendē | engendile, engendē | ngendile, ngendē | angendanga | engingendanga | ngingendanga | |||
2nd singular | wendile, wendē | owendile, owendē | wendile, wendē | awendanga | ongendanga | ungendanga | |||
1st plural | sendile, sendē | esendile, esendē | sendile, sendē | asendanga | esingendanga | singendanga | |||
2nd plural | nendile, nendē | enendile, enendē | nendile, nendē | anendanga | eningendanga | ningendanga | |||
Class 1 | wendile, wendē | owendile, owendē | endile, endē | akendanga | ongendanga | engendanga | |||
Class 2 | bendile, bendē | abendile, abendē | bendile, bendē | abendanga | abangendanga | bengendanga | |||
Class 3 | wendile, wendē | owendile, owendē | wendile, wendē | awendanga | ongendanga | ungendanga | |||
Class 4 | yendile, yendē | eyendile, eyendē | yendile, yendē | ayendanga | engendanga | ingendanga | |||
Class 5 | lendile, lendē | elendile, elendē | lendile, lendē | alendanga | elingendanga | lingendanga | |||
Class 6 | endile, endē | endile, endē | endile, endē | awendanga | angendanga | engendanga | |||
Class 7 | sendile, sendē | esendile, esendē | sendile, sendē | asendanga | esingendanga | singendanga | |||
Class 8 | zendile, zendē | ezendile, ezendē | zendile, zendē | azendanga | ezingendanga | zingendanga | |||
Class 9 | yendile, yendē | eyendile, eyendē | yendile, yendē | ayendanga | engendanga | ingendanga | |||
Class 10 | zendile, zendē | ezendile, ezendē | zendile, zendē | azendanga | ezingendanga | zingendanga | |||
Class 11 | lwendile, lwendē | olwendile, olwendē | lwendile, lwendē | alwendanga | olungendanga | lungendanga | |||
Class 14 | bendile, bendē | obendile, obendē | bendile, bendē | abendanga | obungendanga | bungendanga | |||
Class 15 | kwendile, kwendē | okwendile, okwendē | kwendile, kwendē | akwendanga | okungendanga | kungendanga | |||
Class 17 | kwendile, kwendē | okwendile, okwendē | kwendile, kwendē | akwendanga | okungendanga | kungendanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngēnda | engēnda | ngēnda | angendanga | engingendanga | ngingendanga | |||
2nd singular | wēnda | owēnda | wēnda | awendanga | ongendanga | ungendanga | |||
1st plural | sēnda | esēnda | sēnda | asendanga | esingendanga | singendanga | |||
2nd plural | nēnda | enēnda | nēnda | anendanga | eningendanga | ningendanga | |||
Class 1 | wēnda | owēnda | ēnda | akendanga | ongendanga | engendanga | |||
Class 2 | bēnda | abēnda | bēnda | abendanga | abangendanga | bengendanga | |||
Class 3 | wēnda | owēnda | wēnda | awendanga | ongendanga | ungendanga | |||
Class 4 | yēnda | eyēnda | yēnda | ayendanga | engendanga | ingendanga | |||
Class 5 | lēnda | elēnda | lēnda | alendanga | elingendanga | lingendanga | |||
Class 6 | ēnda | ēnda | ēnda | awendanga | angendanga | engendanga | |||
Class 7 | sēnda | esēnda | sēnda | asendanga | esingendanga | singendanga | |||
Class 8 | zēnda | ezēnda | zēnda | azendanga | ezingendanga | zingendanga | |||
Class 9 | yēnda | eyēnda | yēnda | ayendanga | engendanga | ingendanga | |||
Class 10 | zēnda | ezēnda | zēnda | azendanga | ezingendanga | zingendanga | |||
Class 11 | lwēnda | olwēnda | lwēnda | alwendanga | olungendanga | lungendanga | |||
Class 14 | bēnda | obēnda | bēnda | abendanga | obungendanga | bungendanga | |||
Class 15 | kwēnda | okwēnda | kwēnda | akwendanga | okungendanga | kungendanga | |||
Class 17 | kwēnda | okwēnda | kwēnda | akwendanga | okungendanga | kungendanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingenda | — | ngingenda | ngingende | — | ngingende | |||
2nd singular | ungenda | — | ungenda | ungende | — | ungende | |||
1st plural | singenda | — | singenda | singende | — | singende | |||
2nd plural | ningenda | — | ningenda | ningende | — | ningende | |||
Class 1 | angenda | — | engenda | angende | — | engende | |||
Class 2 | bangenda | — | bengenda | bangende | — | bengende | |||
Class 3 | ungenda | — | ungenda | ungende | — | ungende | |||
Class 4 | ingenda | — | ingenda | ingende | — | ingende | |||
Class 5 | lingenda | — | lingenda | lingende | — | lingende | |||
Class 6 | angenda | — | engenda | angende | — | engende | |||
Class 7 | singenda | — | singenda | singende | — | singende | |||
Class 8 | zingenda | — | zingenda | zingende | — | zingende | |||
Class 9 | ingenda | — | ingenda | ingende | — | ingende | |||
Class 10 | zingenda | — | zingenda | zingende | — | zingende | |||
Class 11 | lungenda | — | lungenda | lungende | — | lungende | |||
Class 14 | bungenda | — | bungenda | bungende | — | bungende | |||
Class 15 | kungenda | — | kungenda | kungende | — | kungende | |||
Class 17 | kungenda | — | kungenda | kungende | — | kungende | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokwenda | engizokwenda | ngizokwenda | angizukwenda | engingezukwenda | ngingezukwenda | |||
2nd singular | uzokwenda | ozokwenda | uzokwenda | awuzukwenda | ongezukwenda | ungezukwenda | |||
1st plural | sizokwenda | esizokwenda | sizokwenda | asizukwenda | esingezukwenda | singezukwenda | |||
2nd plural | nizokwenda | enizokwenda | nizokwenda | anizukwenda | eningezukwenda | ningezukwenda | |||
Class 1 | uzokwenda | ozokwenda | ezokwenda | akazukwenda | ongezukwenda | engezukwenda | |||
Class 2 | bazokwenda | abazokwenda | bezokwenda | abazukwenda | abangezukwenda | bengezukwenda | |||
Class 3 | uzokwenda | ozokwenda | uzokwenda | awuzukwenda | ongezukwenda | ungezukwenda | |||
Class 4 | izokwenda | ezokwenda | izokwenda | ayizukwenda | engezukwenda | ingezukwenda | |||
Class 5 | lizokwenda | elizokwenda | lizokwenda | alizukwenda | elingezukwenda | lingezukwenda | |||
Class 6 | azokwenda | azokwenda | ezokwenda | awazukwenda | angezukwenda | engezukwenda | |||
Class 7 | sizokwenda | esizokwenda | sizokwenda | asizukwenda | esingezukwenda | singezukwenda | |||
Class 8 | zizokwenda | ezizokwenda | zizokwenda | azizukwenda | ezingezukwenda | zingezukwenda | |||
Class 9 | izokwenda | ezokwenda | izokwenda | ayizukwenda | engezukwenda | ingezukwenda | |||
Class 10 | zizokwenda | ezizokwenda | zizokwenda | azizukwenda | ezingezukwenda | zingezukwenda | |||
Class 11 | luzokwenda | oluzokwenda | luzokwenda | aluzukwenda | olungezukwenda | lungezukwenda | |||
Class 14 | buzokwenda | obuzokwenda | buzokwenda | abuzukwenda | obungezukwenda | bungezukwenda | |||
Class 15 | kuzokwenda | okuzokwenda | kuzokwenda | akuzukwenda | okungezukwenda | kungezukwenda | |||
Class 17 | kuzokwenda | okuzokwenda | kuzokwenda | akuzukwenda | okungezukwenda | kungezukwenda | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokwenda | engiyokwenda | ngiyokwenda | angiyukwenda | engingeyukwenda | ngingeyukwenda | |||
2nd singular | uyokwenda | oyokwenda | uyokwenda | awuyukwenda | ongeyukwenda | ungeyukwenda | |||
1st plural | siyokwenda | esiyokwenda | siyokwenda | asiyukwenda | esingeyukwenda | singeyukwenda | |||
2nd plural | niyokwenda | eniyokwenda | niyokwenda | aniyukwenda | eningeyukwenda | ningeyukwenda | |||
Class 1 | uyokwenda | oyokwenda | eyokwenda | akayukwenda | ongeyukwenda | engeyukwenda | |||
Class 2 | bayokwenda | abayokwenda | beyokwenda | abayukwenda | abangeyukwenda | bengeyukwenda | |||
Class 3 | uyokwenda | oyokwenda | uyokwenda | awuyukwenda | ongeyukwenda | ungeyukwenda | |||
Class 4 | iyokwenda | eyokwenda | iyokwenda | ayiyukwenda | engeyukwenda | ingeyukwenda | |||
Class 5 | liyokwenda | eliyokwenda | liyokwenda | aliyukwenda | elingeyukwenda | lingeyukwenda | |||
Class 6 | ayokwenda | ayokwenda | eyokwenda | awayukwenda | angeyukwenda | engeyukwenda | |||
Class 7 | siyokwenda | esiyokwenda | siyokwenda | asiyukwenda | esingeyukwenda | singeyukwenda | |||
Class 8 | ziyokwenda | eziyokwenda | ziyokwenda | aziyukwenda | ezingeyukwenda | zingeyukwenda | |||
Class 9 | iyokwenda | eyokwenda | iyokwenda | ayiyukwenda | engeyukwenda | ingeyukwenda | |||
Class 10 | ziyokwenda | eziyokwenda | ziyokwenda | aziyukwenda | ezingeyukwenda | zingeyukwenda | |||
Class 11 | luyokwenda | oluyokwenda | luyokwenda | aluyukwenda | olungeyukwenda | lungeyukwenda | |||
Class 14 | buyokwenda | obuyokwenda | buyokwenda | abuyukwenda | obungeyukwenda | bungeyukwenda | |||
Class 15 | kuyokwenda | okuyokwenda | kuyokwenda | akuyukwenda | okungeyukwenda | kungeyukwenda | |||
Class 17 | kuyokwenda | okuyokwenda | kuyokwenda | akuyukwenda | okungeyukwenda | kungeyukwenda | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngende | ngingendi | |||||||
2nd singular | wende | ungendi | |||||||
1st plural | sende | singendi | |||||||
2nd plural | nende | ningendi | |||||||
Class 1 | ende | angendi | |||||||
Class 2 | bende | bangendi | |||||||
Class 3 | wende | ungendi | |||||||
Class 4 | yende | ingendi | |||||||
Class 5 | lende | lingendi | |||||||
Class 6 | ende | angendi | |||||||
Class 7 | sende | singendi | |||||||
Class 8 | zende | zingendi | |||||||
Class 9 | yende | ingendi | |||||||
Class 10 | zende | zingendi | |||||||
Class 11 | lwende | lungendi | |||||||
Class 14 | bende | bungendi | |||||||
Class 15 | kwende | kungendi | |||||||
Class 17 | kwende | kungendi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngenda | ngangenda, angenda, angangenda | |||||||
2nd singular | wenda | wangenda, awenda, awangenda | |||||||
1st plural | senda | sangenda, asenda, asangenda | |||||||
2nd plural | nenda | nangenda, anenda, anangenda | |||||||
Class 1 | wenda | wangenda, akenda, akangenda | |||||||
Class 2 | benda | bangenda, abenda, abangenda | |||||||
Class 3 | wenda | wangenda, awenda, awangenda | |||||||
Class 4 | yenda | yangenda, ayenda, ayangenda | |||||||
Class 5 | lenda | langenda, alenda, alangenda | |||||||
Class 6 | enda | angenda, awenda, awangenda | |||||||
Class 7 | senda | sangenda, asenda, asangenda | |||||||
Class 8 | zenda | zangenda, azenda, azangenda | |||||||
Class 9 | yenda | yangenda, ayenda, ayangenda | |||||||
Class 10 | zenda | zangenda, azenda, azangenda | |||||||
Class 11 | lwenda | lwangenda, alwenda, alwangenda | |||||||
Class 14 | benda | bangenda, abenda, abangenda | |||||||
Class 15 | kwenda | kwangenda, akwenda, akwangenda | |||||||
Class 17 | kwenda | kwangenda, akwenda, akwangenda |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “enda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “enda (6.3)”