besudeln
German
Etymology
From Middle High German besudeln, besodeln, besodelen, equivalent to be- + Sudel (“puddle; muck”), from Middle Low German sudde (“swamp; marsh”). Akin to Middle High German sutte (“puddle; mudhole”), Old English ġesyd (“wallowing hole”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bəˈzuːdl̩n/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uːdl̩n
Verb
besudeln (weak, third-person singular present besudelt, past tense besudelte, past participle besudelt, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive) to sully
Conjugation
infinitive | besudeln | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | besudelnd | ||||
past participle | besudelt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich besudle ich besudele ich besudel |
wir besudeln | i | ich besudele ich besudle |
wir besudeln |
du besudelst | ihr besudelt | du besudelest du besudlest |
ihr besudelet ihr besudlet | ||
er besudelt | sie besudeln | er besudele er besudle |
sie besudeln | ||
preterite | ich besudelte | wir besudelten | ii | ich besudelte1 | wir besudelten1 |
du besudeltest | ihr besudeltet | du besudeltest1 | ihr besudeltet1 | ||
er besudelte | sie besudelten | er besudelte1 | sie besudelten1 | ||
imperative | besudle (du) besudel (du) besudele (du) |
besudelt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Descendants
- → Dutch: bezoedelen
- Afrikaans: besoedel
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