bán
Czech
Etymology
From Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbaːn]
- Rhymes: -aːn
- Hyphenation: bán
Noun
bán m anim (related adjective bánský)
Declension
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbaːn]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: bán
- Rhymes: -aːn
Verb
bán
- (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by
- Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?
- Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn’t mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.
- (transitive) to regret
- Synonym: sajnál
Usage notes
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | bánok | bánsz | bán | bánunk | bántok | bánnak | |
Def. | bánom | bánod | bánja | bánjuk | bánjátok | bánják | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | bántam | bántál | bánt | bántunk | bántatok | bántak | ||
Def. | bántam | bántad | bánta | bántuk | bántátok | bánták | |||
2nd-p. o. | bántalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. bánni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | bánék | bánál | bána | bánánk | bánátok | bánának | ||
Def. | bánám | bánád | báná | bánánk | bánátok | bánák | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bán vala, bánt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | bánandok | bánandasz | bánand | bánandunk | bánandotok | bánandanak | ||
Def. | bánandom | bánandod | bánandja | bánandjuk | bánandjátok | bánandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bánnék | bánnál | bánna | bánnánk | bánnátok | bánnának | |
Def. | bánnám | bánnád | bánná | bánnánk (or bánnók) |
bánnátok | bánnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | bánjak | bánj or bánjál |
bánjon | bánjunk | bánjatok | bánjanak | |
Def. | bánjam | bánd or bánjad |
bánja | bánjuk | bánjátok | bánják | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | bánni | bánnom | bánnod | bánnia | bánnunk | bánnotok | bánniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
bánás | bánó | bánt | bánandó | bánva (bánván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | bánhatok | bánhatsz | bánhat | bánhatunk | bánhattok | bánhatnak | |
Def. | bánhatom | bánhatod | bánhatja | bánhatjuk | bánhatjátok | bánhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | bánhattam | bánhattál | bánhatott | bánhattunk | bánhattatok | bánhattak | ||
Def. | bánhattam | bánhattad | bánhatta | bánhattuk | bánhattátok | bánhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | bánhaték | bánhatál | bánhata | bánhatánk | bánhatátok | bánhatának | ||
Def. | bánhatám | bánhatád | bánhatá | bánhatánk | bánhatátok | bánhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. bánhat vala, bánhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | bánhatandok or bánandhatok |
bánhatandasz or bánandhatsz |
bánhatand or bánandhat |
bánhatandunk or bánandhatunk |
bánhatandotok or bánandhattok |
bánhatandanak or bánandhatnak | ||
Def. | bánhatandom or bánandhatom |
bánhatandod or bánandhatod |
bánhatandja or bánandhatja |
bánhatandjuk or bánandhatjuk |
bánhatandjátok or bánandhatjátok |
bánhatandják or bánandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánhatandalak or bánandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bánhatnék | bánhatnál | bánhatna | bánhatnánk | bánhatnátok | bánhatnának | |
Def. | bánhatnám | bánhatnád | bánhatná | bánhatnánk (or bánhatnók) |
bánhatnátok | bánhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bánhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | bánhassak | bánhass or bánhassál |
bánhasson | bánhassunk | bánhassatok | bánhassanak | |
Def. | bánhassam | bánhasd or bánhassad |
bánhassa | bánhassuk | bánhassátok | bánhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | bánhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bánhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (bánhatni) | (bánhatnom) | (bánhatnod) | (bánhatnia) | (bánhatnunk) | (bánhatnotok) | (bánhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | bánható | Neg. adj. | bánhatatlan | Adv. part. | (bánhatva / bánhatván) | ||||
See also
Etymology 2
From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.
Noun
bán (plural bánok)
- (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | bán | bánok |
accusative | bánt | bánokat |
dative | bánnak | bánoknak |
instrumental | bánnal | bánokkal |
causal-final | bánért | bánokért |
translative | bánná | bánokká |
terminative | bánig | bánokig |
essive-formal | bánként | bánokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | bánban | bánokban |
superessive | bánon | bánokon |
adessive | bánnál | bánoknál |
illative | bánba | bánokba |
sublative | bánra | bánokra |
allative | bánhoz | bánokhoz |
elative | bánból | bánokból |
delative | bánról | bánokról |
ablative | bántól | bánoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
báné | bánoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
bánéi | bánokéi |
Possessive forms of bán | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | bánom | bánjaim |
2nd person sing. | bánod | bánjaid |
3rd person sing. | bánja | bánjai |
1st person plural | bánunk | bánjaink |
2nd person plural | bánotok | bánjaitok |
3rd person plural | bánjuk | bánjaik |
Derived terms
- báni
- bánság
- Bánság
References
- Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43
Further reading
- (to mind, to regret): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (ban [historical]): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- bán in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Irish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).
Adjective
bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | bán | bhán | bána; bhána² | |
Vocative | bháin | bána | ||
Genitive | báine | bána | bán | |
Dative | bán; bhán¹ |
bhán; bháin (archaic) |
bána; bhána² | |
Comparative | níos báine | |||
Superlative | is báine |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
- bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
- bánbhia (“white meat”)
- bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
- béar bán (“polar bear”)
- bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
- buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy”)
- cailín bán (“golden girl; stoat”)
- earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
- fobhán (“whitish”, adjective)
- fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
- fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)
- grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
- Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
- lúbán bán (“white pudding”)
- putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
- scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
- siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
- siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)
Declension
Derived terms
- bán na súl m (“albinism”)
See also
bán | liath | dubh |
dearg; corcairdhearg | oráiste, flannbhuí; donn | buí; bánbhuí |
líoma-ghlas, glas líoma | glas, uaine | dath an mhiontais |
cian | gormghlas, spéirghorm | gorm |
corcairghorm; indeagó | maigeanta; corcra | bándearg |
Verb
bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)
- (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; blanch; clear out, empty, depopulate”)
Conjugation
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | bánaim | bánann tú; bánair† |
bánann sé, sí | bánaimid | bánann sibh | bánann siad; bánaid† |
a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann*; a mbánas* |
bántar |
past | bhán mé; bhánas | bhán tú; bhánais | bhán sé, sí | bhánamar; bhán muid | bhán sibh; bhánabhair | bhán siad; bhánadar | a bhán / ar bhán* |
bánadh | |
past habitual | bhánainn / mbánainn‡‡ | bhántá / mbántᇇ | bhánadh sé, sí / mbánadh sé, s퇇 | bhánaimis; bhánadh muid / mbánaimis‡‡; mbánadh muid‡‡ | bhánadh sibh / mbánadh sibh‡‡ | bhánaidís; bhánadh siad / mbánaidís‡‡; mbánadh siad‡‡ | a bhánadh / a mbánadh* |
bhántaí / mbánta퇇 | |
future | bánfaidh mé; bánfad |
bánfaidh tú; bánfair† |
bánfaidh sé, sí | bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid |
bánfaidh sibh | bánfaidh siad; bánfaid† |
a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh*; a mbánfas* |
bánfar | |
conditional | bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡ | bhánfá / mbánfᇇ | bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, s퇇 | bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡ | bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡ | bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡ | a bhánfadh / a mbánfadh* |
bhánfaí / mbánfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go mbána mé; go mbánad† |
go mbána tú; go mbánair† |
go mbána sé, sí | go mbánaimid; go mbána muid |
go mbána sibh | go mbána siad; go mbánaid† |
— | go mbántar |
past | dá mbánainn | dá mbántá | dá mbánadh sé, sí | dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid |
dá mbánadh sibh | dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad |
— | dá mbántaí | |
imperative | bánaim | bán | bánadh sé, sí | bánaimis | bánaigí; bánaidh† |
bánaidís | — | bántar | |
verbal noun | bánadh | ||||||||
past participle | bánta |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Noun
bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)
- (geography) lea; grassland
- uncultivated land
Declension
Descendants
- → Yola: bawen
Noun
bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)
- Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure”)
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Descendants
- → English: bawn
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bán | bhán | mbán |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bán”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “bán” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “bán” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 88
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbaːn/
Inflection
o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | bán | bán | bán |
Vocative | báin* bán** | ||
Accusative | bán | báin | |
Genitive | báin | báine | báin |
Dative | bán | báin | bán |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | báin | bána | |
Vocative | bánu bána† | ||
Accusative | bánu bána† | ||
Genitive | bán | ||
Dative | bánaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bán | bán pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbán |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).
Etymology 2
From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.