afinar

Catalan

Etymology

From a- +‎ fi +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

Verb

afinar (first-person singular present afino, first-person singular preterite afiní, past participle afinat)

  1. (transitive) to refine
  2. (transitive) to tune (to modify a musical instrument)
  3. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to approach

Conjugation
    Conjugation of afinar (first conjugation)
infinitive afinar
gerund afinant
past participle masculine feminine
singular afinat afinada
plural afinats afinades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present afino afines afina afinem afineu afinen
imperfect afinava afinaves afinava afinàvem afinàveu afinaven
future afinaré afinaràs afinarà afinarem afinareu afinaran
preterite afiní afinares afinà afinàrem afinàreu afinaren
conditional afinaria afinaries afinaria afinaríem afinaríeu afinarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present afini afinis afini afinem afineu afinin
imperfect afinés afinessis afinés afinéssim afinéssiu afinessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — afina afini afinem afineu afinin
negative (no) — no afinis no afini no afinem no afineu no afinin

Derived terms

Further reading

Galician

Verb

afinar (first-person singular present afino, first-person singular preterite afinei, past participle afinado)

  1. (transitive) to refine
  2. (transitive) to tune (to modify a musical instrument)

Conjugation
    Conjugation of afinar
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti)		 Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal afinar
Personal afinar afinares afinar afinarmos afinardes afinaren
Gerund
afinando
Past participle
Masculine afinado afinados
Feminine afinada afinadas
Indicative
Present afino afinas afina afinamos afinades afinan
Imperfect afinaba afinabas afinaba afinabamos afinabades afinaban
Preterite afinei afinaches afinou afinamos afinastes afinaron
Pluperfect afinara afinaras afinara afinaramos afinarades afinaran
Future afinarei afinarás afinará afinaremos afinaredes afinarán
Conditional afinaría afinarías afinaría afinariamos afinariades afinarían
Subjunctive
Present afine afines afine afinemos afinedes afinen
Imperfect afinase afinases afinase afinásemos afinásedes afinasen
Future afinar afinares afinar afinarmos afinardes afinaren
Imperative
Affirmative afina afine afinemos afinade afinen
Negative (non) non afines non afine non afinemos non afinedes non afinen
    Reintegrated conjugation of afinar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti / tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal afinar
Personal afinar afinares afinar afinarmos afinardes afinarem
Gerund
afinando
Past participle
Masculine afinado afinados
Feminine afinada afinadas
Indicative
Present afino afinas afina afinamos afinades, afinais afinam
Imperfect afinava afinavas afinava afinávamos afinávades, afináveis, afinávais1 afinavam
Preterite afinei afinaste, afinache1 afinou afinamos afinastes afinárom, afinaram
Pluperfect afinara afinaras afinara afináramos afinárades, afináreis, afinárais1 afinaram
Future afinarei afinarás afinará afinaremos afinaredes, afinareis afinarám, afinarão
Conditional afinaria afinarias afinaria afinaríamos afinaríades, afinaríeis, afinaríais1 afinariam
Subjunctive
Present afine afines afine afinemos afinedes, afineis afinem
Imperfect afinasse afinasses afinasse afinássemos afinássedes, afinásseis afinassem
Future afinar afinares afinar afinarmos afinardes afinarem
Imperative
Affirmative afina afine afinemos afinade, afinai afinem
Negative (nom) nom afines nom afine nom afinemos nom afinedes, nom afineis nom afinem

1Less recommended.

Further reading

Ladino

Verb

afinar (Latin spelling)

  1. to let (someone) starve

Portuguese

Etymology

From a- +‎ fino +‎ -ar, influenced by French affiner.[1]

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /a.fiˈna(ʁ)/ [a.fiˈna(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /a.fiˈna(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /a.fiˈna(ʁ)/ [a.fiˈna(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /a.fiˈna(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.fiˈnaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ɐ.fiˈna.ɾi/

Verb

afinar (first-person singular present afino, first-person singular preterite afinei, past participle afinado)

  1. (transitive) to thin (to make thinner)
    Synonym: adelgaçar
  2. (intransitive) to thin (to become thinner)
    Synonym: adelgaçar
  3. (music) to tune (to modify a musical instrument)

Conjugation
    Conjugation of afinar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal afinar
Personal afinar afinares afinar afinarmos afinardes afinarem
Gerund
afinando
Past participle
Masculine afinado afinados
Feminine afinada afinadas
Indicative
Present afino afinas afina afinamos afinais afinam
Imperfect afinava afinavas afinava afinávamos afináveis afinavam
Preterite afinei afinaste afinou afinamos1, afinámos2 afinastes afinaram
Pluperfect afinara afinaras afinara afináramos afináreis afinaram
Future afinarei afinarás afinará afinaremos afinareis afinarão
Conditional afinaria afinarias afinaria afinaríamos afinaríeis afinariam
Subjunctive
Present afine afines afine afinemos afineis afinem
Imperfect afinasse afinasses afinasse afinássemos afinásseis afinassem
Future afinar afinares afinar afinarmos afinardes afinarem
Imperative
Affirmative afina afine afinemos afinai afinem
Negative (não) não afines não afine não afinemos não afineis não afinem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Derived terms

References
  1. “afinar” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.

Further reading

Spanish

Etymology

From fino. Compare archaic English affine (“to refine”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /afiˈnaɾ/ [a.fiˈnaɾ]
  • Audio (Venezuela):(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: a‧fi‧nar

Verb

afinar (first-person singular present afino, first-person singular preterite afiné, past participle afinado)

  1. (transitive) to refine, to fine-tune
  2. (transitive) to tune (to modify a musical instrument)
    Synonym: entonar

Conjugation
    Conjugation of afinar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive afinar
gerund afinando
past participle masculine feminine
singular afinado afinada
plural afinados afinadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present afino afinastú
afinásvos		 afina afinamos afináis afinan
imperfect afinaba afinabas afinaba afinábamos afinabais afinaban
preterite afiné afinaste afinó afinamos afinasteis afinaron
future afinaré afinarás afinará afinaremos afinaréis afinarán
conditional afinaría afinarías afinaría afinaríamos afinaríais afinarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present afine afinestú
afinésvos2		 afine afinemos afinéis afinen
imperfect
(ra)		 afinara afinaras afinara afináramos afinarais afinaran
imperfect
(se)		 afinase afinases afinase afinásemos afinaseis afinasen
future1 afinare afinares afinare afináremos afinareis afinaren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative afinatú
afinávos		 afine afinemos afinad afinen
negative no afines no afine no afinemos no afinéis no afinen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of afinar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive afinar
dative afinarme afinarte afinarle, afinarse afinarnos afinaros afinarles, afinarse
accusative afinarme afinarte afinarlo, afinarla, afinarse afinarnos afinaros afinarlos, afinarlas, afinarse
with gerund afinando
dative afinándome afinándote afinándole, afinándose afinándonos afinándoos afinándoles, afinándose
accusative afinándome afinándote afinándolo, afinándola, afinándose afinándonos afinándoos afinándolos, afinándolas, afinándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative afina
dative afíname afínate afínale afínanos not used afínales
accusative afíname afínate afínalo, afínala afínanos not used afínalos, afínalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative afiná
dative afiname afinate afinale afinanos not used afinales
accusative afiname afinate afinalo, afinala afinanos not used afinalos, afinalas
with formal second-person singular imperative afine
dative afíneme not used afínele, afínese afínenos not used afíneles
accusative afíneme not used afínelo, afínela, afínese afínenos not used afínelos, afínelas
with first-person plural imperative afinemos
dative not used afinémoste afinémosle afinémonos afinémoos afinémosles
accusative not used afinémoste afinémoslo, afinémosla afinémonos afinémoos afinémoslos, afinémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative afinad
dative afinadme not used afinadle afinadnos afinaos afinadles
accusative afinadme not used afinadlo, afinadla afinadnos afinaos afinadlos, afinadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative afinen
dative afínenme not used afínenle afínennos not used afínenles, afínense
accusative afínenme not used afínenlo, afínenla afínennos not used afínenlos, afínenlas, afínense

Derived terms

Further reading
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