-sco
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *-skō, from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti.
Suffix
-scō (present infinitive -scere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation
- Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, meaning "to start to (verb), to begin to (verb)".
Conjugation
This suffix only forms the first principal part; the perfect and supine stems used vary according to the verb (e.g. adolēscō, adoluī, adultum).
| Conjugation of -scō (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -scō | -scis | -scit | -scimus | -scitis | -scunt |
| imperfect | -scēbam | -scēbās | -scēbat | -scēbāmus | -scēbātis | -scēbant | |
| future | -scam | -scēs | -scet | -scēmus | -scētis | -scent | |
| perfect | -ī | -istī | -it | -imus | -istis | -ērunt, -ēre | |
| pluperfect | -eram | -erās | -erat | -erāmus | -erātis | -erant | |
| future perfect | -erō | -eris | -erit | -erimus | -eritis | -erint | |
| sigmatic future1 | -ō | -is | -it | -imus | -itis | -int | |
| passive | present | -scor | -sceris, -scere |
-scitur | -scimur | -sciminī | -scuntur |
| imperfect | -scēbar | -scēbāris, -scēbāre |
-scēbātur | -scēbāmur | -scēbāminī | -scēbantur | |
| future | -scar | -scēris, -scēre |
-scētur | -scēmur | -scēminī | -scentur | |
| perfect | -us + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -us + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | -us + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| sigmatic future1 | -or | -eris | -itur | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -scam | -scās | -scat | -scāmus | -scātis | -scant |
| imperfect | -scerem | -scerēs | -sceret | -scerēmus | -scerētis | -scerent | |
| perfect | -erim | -erīs | -erit | -erīmus | -erītis | -erint | |
| pluperfect | -issem | -issēs | -isset | -issēmus | -issētis | -issent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | -im | -īs | -īt | -īmus | -ītis | -int | |
| passive | present | -scar | -scāris, -scāre |
-scātur | -scāmur | -scāminī | -scantur |
| imperfect | -scerer | -scerēris, -scerēre |
-scerētur | -scerēmur | -scerēminī | -scerentur | |
| perfect | -us + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -us + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | -sce | — | — | -scite | — |
| future | — | -scitō | -scitō | — | -scitōte | -scuntō | |
| passive | present | — | -scere | — | — | -sciminī | — |
| future | — | -scitor | -scitor | — | — | -scuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | -scere | -isse | -ūrum esse | -scī | -um esse | -um īrī | |
| participles | -scēns | — | -ūrus | — | -us | -scendus, -scundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| -scendī | -scendō | -scendum | -scendō | -um | -ū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
Spanish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin, Vulgar Latin -iscus.
Suffix
-sco (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -sca, masculine plural -scos, feminine plural -scas)
- Forms adjectives that signify relation to the word stem; sometimes pejorative.
- príncipe (“prince”) + -sco → principesco (“related to princes”)
Suffix
-sco m (noun-forming suffix, plural -scos)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “-sco”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014