苫

苫 U+82EB, 苫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82EB
← 苪
[U+82EA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 苬 →
[U+82EC]

Translingual

Han character

苫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口 (TYR), four-corner 44601, composition ⿱艹占)

  1. rush or straw matting

Derived characters
  • 𥠯, 𬜗

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30802
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3189, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+82EB

Chinese
trad. 苫
simp. # 苫

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 苫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘 *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占 *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫 *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點 *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店 *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈 *neːm
鮎 *neːm
砧 *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼 *tʰeːb
帖 *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 失廉切 舒贍切
Baxter syem syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shān shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sim1 sim3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shān shàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component		 占 占
Rime
group		 談 談
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 苫 閃
Old
Chinese		 /*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions

苫

  1. to cover with a straw mat, tarpaulin, etc.

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 失廉切 舒贍切
Baxter syem syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇm/ /ɕiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjæm/ /ɕjæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiam/ /ɕiamH/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛm/ /ɕiɛmH/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛm/ /ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛm/ /ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shān shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 sim1 sim3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shān shàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syem › ‹ syemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.tem/ /*s-tem-s/
English thatch thatch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 苫 苫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 16710 16712
Phonetic
component		 占 占
Rime
group		 談 談
Rime
subdivision		 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 苫 閃
Old
Chinese		 /*hljem/ /*hljems/

Definitions

苫

  1. straw mat

Japanese

Kanji
苫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. woven mat

Readings

Alternative forms
Kanji in this term
苫
とま
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology 1

⟨to2ma⟩ → */təma/ → /toma/

Likely from Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from the verb 泊(と)まる (tomaru, “to stay”), or from 止(と)まる (tomaru, “to stop”), in reference to thatched roofs under which boats or people stay, or which stop falling rain. Other suggested sources include 鳥羽(とは) (toha, “bird's wing; feather”) or 戸(と) (to, “door; house”) + 衣(も) (mo, “clothing; covering”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

苫(とま) • (toma) 

  1. a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
    • c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 6, poem 302; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 1)
      秋(あき)の田(た)のかりほの庵(いほ)の苫(とま)をあらみわが衣(ころも)手(で)は露(つゆ)にぬれつつ
      aki no ta no kariho no io no toma o arami waga koromode wa tsuyu ni nuretsutsu
      Coarse is the rush mat of my harvest-hut, sheltering the harvested ears of this autumn day; so my sleeves are growing wet with the evening dew.[3]
  2. (historical) in the Edo period, a kimono worn by carpenters
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 苫(とま)小(こ)牧(まい) (Tomakomai)
  • 苫(とま)手(て) (tomate)
  • 苫(とま)の屋(や) (toma no ya)
  • 苫(とま)庇(びさし) (tomabisashi)
  • 苫(とま)舟(ぶね), 苫(とま)船(ぶね) (tomabune)
  • 苫(とま)葺(ぶ)き (tomabuki)
  • 苫(とま)屋(や) (tomaya)

Proper noun

苫(とま) • (Toma) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
苫
とば
Hyōgaiji
irregular

Nasal /-m-/ → plosive /-b-/ variant of toma above.

Noun

苫(とば) • (toba) 

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
  2. (rare) a kimono
Derived terms
  • 長(なが)苫(とば) (nagatoba)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
苫
のま
Hyōgaiji
irregular

Attested in the Iroha Jiruishō (c. 12th century).

Plosive /t-/ → nasal /n-/ variant of toma above.

Contemporary attestation in the Tōhoku and Hokuriku regions of northern Japan.[4]

Noun

苫(のま) • (noma) 

  1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Andrea Grafetstätter, Sieglinde Hartmann (2011) James Michael Ogier, editor, Islands and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History: Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (Volume 14 of Beihefte zur Mediaevistik), illustrated edition, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 116
  4. 1989, 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

苫 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

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