肯

See also: 肻

肯	U+80AF, 肯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80AF

← 肮
[U+80AE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

肰 →
[U+80B0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

肯 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜一月 (YMB), four-corner 2122₇, composition ⿱止月)

Derived characters

啃掯𣔨𬒔𥺾褃錹

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 976, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29311

Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 21

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2048, character 4

Unihan data for U+80AF

Chinese

trad.		肯
simp. ^#		肯
alternative forms		肎肻𣍟𠕔𦙡肎肻𣍟𠕔𦙡𦘫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 肯
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (肯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肯	*kʰɯːŋʔ
肎	*kʰɯːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 冎 (“bone”) + 肉 (“meat”) – meat attached to the bone. Originally written more like 肎, the top component is now written 止.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kěn, kěng (ken³, keng³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄣˇ, ㄎㄥˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hang², hoi²
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): kên³ / hên³
Northern Min (KCR): kǎing
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khńg / khéng / khín / khán

(Teochew, Peng'im): kêng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kěn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kěn
  - Wade–Giles: kʻên³
  - Yale: kěn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keen
  - Palladius: кэнь (kɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰən²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kěng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kěng
  - Wade–Giles: kʻêng³
  - Yale: kěng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keeng
  - Palladius: кэн (kɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hang², hoi²
  - Yale: háng, hói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hang², hoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: heng², hoi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ³⁵/, /hɔːi̯³⁵/

Note: hoi2 - only in 肯綮.

Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kên³ / hên³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰɛn³¹/, /hɛn³¹/

Note:

kên3 - literary;
hên3 - vernacular.

Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaiŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khńg
  - Tâi-lô: khńg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qngr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khéng
  - Tâi-lô: khíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qeang
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khín
  - Tâi-lô: khín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qien
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰin⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khán
  - Tâi-lô: khán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qarn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰan⁵³/

Note:

khńg/khéng - literary;
khín/khán - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰeŋ⁵²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 肯
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰən²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/kʰən²¹³/
	Tianjin	/kʰən¹³/
	Jinan	/kʰẽ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/kʰə̃⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰən⁵³/
	Xi'an	/kʰẽ⁵³/
	Xining	/kʰə̃⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/kʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰə̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/kʰən⁴²/
	Chengdu	/kʰən⁵³/
	Guiyang	/kʰen⁴²/
	Kunming	/kʰə̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/kʰən²¹²/
	Hefei	/kʰən²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰəŋ⁵³/
	Pingyao	/kʰəŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/kʰə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰəŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰən⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/kʰen⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰaŋ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰʌ̃³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰin³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰən⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰən⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰiɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰen³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hen³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐŋ³⁵/
	Nanning	/hɐŋ³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hɐŋ³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰiŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰiŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰaiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰeŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xin²¹³/

Middle Chinese: khongX

Rime
Character	肯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦等切
Baxter	khongX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰəŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰəŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəŋ^X/
Li Rong	/kʰəŋ^X/
Wang Li	/kʰəŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰəŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kěng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤəŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	肯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kěn
Middle Chinese	‹ khong^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁəŋʔ/
English	to be willing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	肯
Reading #	1/1
No.	7485
Phonetic component	肯
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	肯
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːŋʔ/
Notes	說文作肎

Definitions

肯

meat attached to the bone; tendon; sinew
to be willing to; to be ready to
to consent to; to permit; to agree
(archaic, rhetorical question) how could it be that

Compounds

不肯 (bùkěn)
不肯一世
不肯干休
中肯
問肯／问肯
心折首肯
心肯意肯
惠然肯來／惠然肯来
洞中肯綮
肯亞／肯亚 (Kěnyà)
肯分的
肯堂肯構／肯堂肯构
肯塔基州
肯定 (kěndìng)
肯定命題／肯定命题
肯尼亞／肯尼亚 (Kěnníyà)
肯德基 (Kěndéjī)
肯心兒／肯心儿
肯構肯堂／肯构肯堂
肯綮
肯許／肯许
肯酒
自我肯定
阿肯色州
首肯 (shǒukěn)

References

“肯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

肯

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to agree, to affirm, to consent

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
On: かい (kai)
Kun: うべなう (ubenau, 肯う); がえんずる (gaenzuru, 肯んずる); がえんじる (gaenjiru, 肯んじる); あえて (aete, 肯えて); うけがう (ukegau, 肯う)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

肯 (eumhun 옳이 여길 긍 (ori yeogil geung))

Hanja form^? of 긍 (“willing”).
Hanja form^? of 긍 (“consent to, permit”).

Vietnamese

Han character

肯: Hán Nôm readings: khẳng, khứng, khừng

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