災

See also: 灾 and 烖
災 U+707D, 災
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-707D
← 灼
[U+707C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灾 →
[U+707E]
災 U+2F918, 災
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F918
← 灊
[U+2F917] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 灷 →
[U+2F919]

Translingual

Han character
Stroke order
7 strokes

災 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女女火 (VVF), four-corner 22809, composition ⿱巛火)

Derived characters
  • 𨓌, 𨉒, 𤑹, 𭴠

References

Chinese
trad. 災/灾
simp. 灾
alternative forms
 
𤆎
烖／灾
𡿧
甾
菑
𤆎
烖／灾
𡿧
甾
菑
𤉣
𤈮
𥘔
𢎇
𨓌
𭴠

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (災) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
灾 *ʔsɯː
災 *ʔslɯː

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 巛 (“flowing water”) + 火 (“fire”) – two main types of disaster, fire (conflagration) and flowing water (flooding).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-t ~ dza-t (“hot, fever, hurt, ill, temper”); cognate with 菑 (OC *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː) "field cleared by slash and burn" (STEDT), which is its r-causative (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • che/cher - vernacular;
  • chai - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 災
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sai²¹/
Jinan /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sai²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡sai²¹/
Xining /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡sɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡sæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sae³¹/
Hefei /t͡se̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sæ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡se⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡se̞³³/
Wenzhou /t͡se³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sai³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sai⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sɑi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔi⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sai⁵⁵/
/t͡se⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡suɛ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sai³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sai²³/
Rime
Character 災
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 祖才切
Baxter tsoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʌi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡səi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡səj/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sᴀi/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 災
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zāi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsoj ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]ˁə/
English calamity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 災
Reading # 1/1
No. 16487
Phonetic
component		 災
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 烖
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔslɯː/
Notes 烖籀文

Definitions

災

  1. (literary, or in compounds) calamity; disaster; catastrophe
  2. (literary, or in compounds) personal misfortune
  3. (literary, or in compounds) stricken; disaster-affected; disaster-afflicted

Synonyms
  • (calamity):

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
災

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
災
さい
Grade: 5
goon

From Middle Chinese 災／灾 (tsoj, “calamity”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [sa̠i]

Noun

災(さい) • (sai) 

  1. an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
Usage notes

Seldom used on its own. Most often used in compounds.

Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
災
わざわい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
災い
禍
殃

/wazapapi/ → /wazaɸaɸi/ → /wazawahi/ → /wazawai/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 業(わざ) (waza, “deed, doings”), in reference to the doings of the 神(かみ) (kami, “gods, spirits”) + 這(は)い (hai, “spreading widely”, literally “crawling”).[1] Compare the etymology of 幸(さきわい) (sakiwai, “good fortune”). Compare also the connotations of the English term act of God in reference to disasters.

Often spelled 災(わざわ)い (wazawai) with the trailing okurigana い (i) to make the reading more explicit.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) わざわい [wàzáwáí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɰᵝa̠za̠ɰᵝa̠i]

Noun

災(わざわい) • (wazawai) ←わざはひ (wazafafi)?

  1. an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
Idioms
Idioms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 災 (eumhun 재앙 재 (jaeang jae))

  1. Hanja form? of 재 (“disaster”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

災: Hán Nôm readings: tai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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