洪

See also: 洚

洪	U+6D2A, 洪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D2A

← 洩
[U+6D29]

CJK Unified Ideographs

洫 →
[U+6D2B]

Translingual

Han character

洪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水廿金 (ETC), four-corner 3418₁, composition ⿰氵共)

Derived characters

篊葓霟鍙𪡥𥈰𨩅𪃡𢝳𮤷𬮍

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 621, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17402

Dae Jaweon: page 1017, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1602, character 4

Unihan data for U+6D2A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		洪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 洪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
港	kroːŋʔ, ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	ɡroːŋs, ɡloːŋs
烘	qʰloːŋ, qʰloːŋs, ɡoːŋ, ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	kloŋ, kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	kloŋ, kloŋʔ
共	kloŋ, ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	kloŋʔ, kloɡ
蛬	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	kloŋʔ, ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡloːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hung⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fùng

(Meixian, Guangdong): fung²
Jin (Wiktionary): hung¹
Northern Min (KCR): ǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): âng / hông

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁵ / ang⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ghon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hen²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
  - Wade–Giles: hung²
  - Yale: húng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
  - Palladius: хун (xun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hung⁴
  - Yale: hùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: fungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fung²
  - Sinological IPA: /fuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fung²
  - Sinological IPA: /fʊŋ¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hung¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xũŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: âng
  - Tâi-lô: âng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aang
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /aŋ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /aŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /aŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
  - Tâi-lô: hông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/

Note:

âng - vernacular (incl. surname);
hông - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong⁵ / ang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông / âng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/, /aŋ⁵⁵/

Note: ang5 - surname.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghon
  - MiniDict: ghon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhon
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦoŋ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: hen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xən¹³/

Middle Chinese: huwng

Rime
Character	洪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸公切
Baxter	huwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	洪
Reading #	1/1
No.	4156
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	洪
Old Chinese	/*ɡloːŋ/

Definitions

洪

flood
big; vast; grand
- 天地玄黄，宇宙洪荒。 [Literary Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Zhou Xingsi, Thousand Character Classic, circa 6^th century CE
  Tiāndì xuánhuáng, yǔzhòu hónghuāng. [Pinyin]
  The sky was black and earth yellow; space and time vast, limitless.
a surname
洪秀全 ― Hóng Xiùquán ― Hong Xiuquan (leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing dynasty)

Descendants

→ English: Hong; Hung; Ang

Compounds

付諸洪喬／付诸洪乔
分洪 (fēnhóng)
大洪水 (dàhóngshuǐ)
寬洪／宽洪 (kuānhóng)
寬洪大度／宽洪大度
寬洪大量／宽洪大量
寬洪海量／宽洪海量
山洪 (shānhóng)
排洪溢道
攔洪壩／拦洪坝
景洪 (Jǐnghóng)
暴洪 (bàohóng)
朱洪武
泄洪 (xièhóng)
洪亮 (hóngliàng)
洪儒 (hóngrú)
洪剛／洪刚
洪化
洪善 (Hóngshàn)
洪喬之誤／洪乔之误
洪喬擲水／洪乔掷水
洪基
洪大 (hóngdà)
洪山 (Hóngshān)
洪山嘴 (Hóngshānzuǐ)
洪峰 (hóngfēng)
洪幫／洪帮 (Hóngbāng)
洪恩
洪惟
洪憲／洪宪 (Hóngxiàn)
洪憲帝制／洪宪帝制
洪春 (Hóngchūn)
洪業／洪业
洪武 (Hóngwǔ)
洪武正韻／洪武正韵
洪水 (hóngshuǐ)
洪水猛獸／洪水猛兽 (hóngshuǐměngshòu)
洪泉 (hóngquán)
洪河
洪波 (hóngbō)
洪波滾雪／洪波滚雪
洪流 (hóngliú)
洩洪／泄洪 (xièhóng)
洪洞 (Hóngtóng, “Hongtong”)
洪淵／洪渊
洪湖 (Hónghú)
洪澇／洪涝 (hónglào)
洪澤湖／洪泽湖 (Hóngzé hú)
洪濤／洪涛 (hóngtāo)
洪災／洪灾 (hóngzāi)
洪烈
洪爐／洪炉 (hónglú)
洪爐燎髮／洪炉燎发 (hónglúliáofà)
洪生
洪福 (hóngfú)
洪福齊天／洪福齐天
洪積世／洪积世
洪積層／洪积层
洪範／洪范
洪聖／洪圣 (Hóngshèng)
洪聖爺／洪圣爷 (Hóngshèngyé)
洪荒 (hónghuāng)
洪荒時代／洪荒时代
洪覆
洪規／洪规
洪誓
洪軌／洪轨
洪都拉斯 (Hóngdūlāsī)
洪醉
洪量 (hóngliàng)
洪鈞／洪钧
洪鍾／洪钟
洪鐘／洪钟
洪門／洪门 (Hóngmén)
洪關／洪关 (Hóngguān)
洪音
洪飲／洪饮
溢洪道
烘爐／烘炉 (hōnglú)
疏洪道
發洪／发洪
蓄洪
防洪 (fánghóng)
阿洪
阿洪魯庫木／阿洪鲁库木 (Āhóng Lǔkùmù)
齊天洪福／齐天洪福

Japanese

Kanji

洪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kun: おおみず (ōmizu, 洪)

Compounds

洪(ハン)牙(ガ)利(リー) (Hangarī)
洪水(こうずい) (kōzui)
洪積(こうせき) (kōseki)
洪積世(こうせきせい) (kōsekisei)
洪積層(こうせきそう) (kōsekisō)
洪大(こうだい) (kōdai)
日洪親善(にっこうしんぜん) (Nikkō shinzen)

Korean

Hanja

洪 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

洪: Hán Nôm readings: hồng, hòng

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