愎

愎	U+610E, 愎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-610E

← 愍
[U+610D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

意 →
[U+610F]

Translingual

Han character

愎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 心人日水 (POAE), four-corner 9804₇, composition ⿰忄复)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 394, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10920
Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2329, character 6
Unihan data for U+610E

Chinese

trad.		愎
simp. ^#		愎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	puɡs, puɡ
覆	pʰuɡs, buɡs, pʰɯːɡ, pʰuɡ
復	buɡs, buɡ
椱	buɡs, buɡ
複	buɡs, puɡ
馥	brɯɡ, buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	puɡ, buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	pʰuɡ, buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bik¹, fuk¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bik¹, fuk¹
  - Yale: bīk, fūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷, fuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: big¹, fug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/, /fʊk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍k
  - Tâi-lô: pi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /piɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /piɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: bik

Rime
Character	愎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符逼切
Baxter	bik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bik̚/
Li Rong	/biək̚/
Wang Li	/bĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*brɯɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愎
Reading #	1/1
No.	3391
Phonetic component	复
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	愎
Old Chinese	/*brɯɡ/
Notes	見左傳

Definitions

愎

obstinate; stubborn; headstrong

Compounds

剛愎／刚愎 (gāngbì)
剛愎不仁／刚愎不仁
剛愎性成／刚愎性成
剛愎自用／刚愎自用 (gāngbìzìyòng)
愎戾
愎諫／愎谏
狠愎自用

References

“愎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

愎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): ひょく (hyoku); ひき (hiki); ふく (fuku)
Kun: もとる (motoru)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 愎 (MC bik).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 뼉〮 (Yale: ppyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 퍅 (phyak) (Yale: phyak) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰja̠k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [퍅]

Hanja

Wikisource 愎 (eumhun 강퍅할 퍅 (gangpyakhal pyak))

Hanja form^? of 퍅 (“obstinate; stubborn; headstrong”).

Compounds

강퍅 (剛愎, gangpyak)
괴팍 (乖愎, goepak)
퍅성 (愎性, pyakseong)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

愎: Hán Nôm readings: phục, phức

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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