庶

See also: 庻

庶	U+5EB6, 庶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB6

← 庵
[U+5EB5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

康 →
[U+5EB7]

庶	U+2F88D, 庶 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88D

← 庳
[U+2F88C]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

廊 →
[U+2F88E]

Translingual

Han character

庶 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿火 (ITF), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广⿱廿灬)

Derived characters

𠌮, 嗻, 墌, 嫬, 𡻠, 𢠫, 摭, 㵂, 𤡍, 樜, 熫, 遮, 𤯋, 𤳌, 𧜥, 𤳐, 𥼌, 𦄝, 蟅, 謶, 蹠, 𪪩, 鏣, 𤳯, 䩾, 䭖, 𤳼
㫂, 𢋳, 𩔼, 鷓(鹧), 蔗, 䉀, 䗪

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9373
Dae Jaweon: page 657, character 28
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 15
Unihan data for U+5EB6
Unihan data for U+2F88D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		庶
alternative forms		庻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庶) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
褯	*zljaːɡs
遮	*tjaː
蔗	*tjaːɡs
鷓	*tjaːɡs
樜	tjaːɡs, hljaɡs
蟅	tjaːɡs, tjaːɡ
嗻	*tjaːɡs
鍍	daː, daːɡs
度	daːɡs, daːɡ
渡	*daːɡs
庶	*hljaɡs
剫	*daːɡ
踱	*daːɡ
喥	*daːɡ
謶	*tjaɡ
席	*ljaːɡ
蓆	*ljaːɡ
墌	*tjaːɡ
摭	*tjaːɡ
蹠	*tjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaɡs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ, “stone”) + semantic 火 (“fire”). In the small seal script 石 has corrupted into ⿸广廿. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 广 (“roof”) + 炗 (“light”).

Compare 度 (OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ) and 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sìr / sù / sì

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shù
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shù
  - Wade–Giles: shu⁴
  - Yale: shù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
  - Palladius: шу (šu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: syu³
  - Yale: syu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
  - Tâi-lô: sìr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
  - Tâi-lô: sù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sux
  - IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /su²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
  - Tâi-lô: sì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: six
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹/

Middle Chinese: syoH

Rime
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	商署切
Baxter	syoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shù
Middle Chinese	‹ syo^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tak-s/
English	numerous; commoner
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
No.	11905
Phonetic component	庶
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恕
Old Chinese	/*hljaɡs/
Notes	甲金文火上爲石，石亦聲，本炙初文

Definitions

庶

numerous; many
- 冉有曰：「既庶矣，又何加焉？」曰：「富之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Rǎn Yǒu yuē: “Jì shù yǐ, yòu hé jiā yān?” Yuē: “Fù zhī.” [Pinyin]
  Ran You said, "Since they are thus numerous, what more shall be done for them?" "Enrich them," was the reply.
common; ordinary; without title or rank; pertaining to a commoner
庶人 ― shùrén ― commoner
(chiefly historical) pertaining to concubinage (a concept in the polygynous practices of traditional Chinese society)
Antonym: 嫡 (dí)
1. (especially) born by a concubine or illegitimate partner

Compounds

富庶 (fùshù)
庶人 (shùrén)
庶子 (shùzǐ)
庶幾／庶几 (shùjī)
庶母 (shùmǔ)
庶民 (shùmín)
庶物 (shùwù)
支庶 (zhīshù)
眾庶／众庶 (zhòngshù)
黎庶 (líshù)

Japanese

Shinjitai	庶
Kyūjitai	庻

Kanji

庶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

commoner

Readings

Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
Kun: もろもろ (moromoro, 庶); こいねがう (koinegau, 庶う); ちかい (chikai); おおい (ōi, 庶い)
Nanori: ちかし (chikashi)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 庶 (MC syoH). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰɘ(ː)]
Phonetic hangul: [서(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 庶 (eumhun 여러 서 (yeoreo seo))

Hanja form^? of 서 (“numerous; many”).

Compounds

서민 (庶民, seomin, “commoners”)
서인 (庶人, seoin, “common people; commoner”)
서얼 (庶孼, seo'eol, “son of a concubine”)
서자 (庶子, seoja, “son of a concubine”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

庶: Hán Việt readings: thứ
庶: Nôm readings: thứ, thừa, xứa

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