巖

See also: 巌 and 岩
巖 U+5DD6, 巖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DD6
← 巕
[U+5DD5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 巗 →
[U+5DD7]

Translingual
Japanese 巌/岩
Simplified 岩
Traditional 巖/岩

Han character

巖 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+20, 23 strokes, cangjie input 山口口大 (URRK), four-corner 22248, composition ⿱山嚴)

  1. cliff, precipice
  2. cave, grotto

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 323, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8649
  • Dae Jaweon: page 623, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 808, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5DD6

Chinese
trad. 巖/岩*
simp. 岩*
nonstandard simp. 𰎠
alternative forms 巗／岩
巌
礹／𰦾

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撖 *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉 *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉 *l'aːmʔ
敢 *klaːmʔ
橄 *klaːmʔ
瞰 *kʰlaːms
闞 *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨 *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀 *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖 *ŋraːm
礹 *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃 *qʰraːmʔ
讝 *kjam
玁 *hŋramʔ
嚴 *ŋam
儼 *ŋamʔ
曮 *ŋamʔ
釅 *ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 巖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 銜 (149)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五銜切
Baxter ngaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠam/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚam/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋam/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨm/
Li
Rong		 /ŋam/
Wang
Li		 /ŋam/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋam/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ngaam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 巖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngæm ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?)
English rocky, lofty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 巖
Reading # 1/1
No. 3684
Phonetic
component		 敢
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 巖
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋraːm/

Definitions

巖

  1. (of a military position) dangerous and important
    制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Zhì, yán yì yě, Guó Shū sǐ yān. [Pinyin]
    The Zhi area is a dangerous and important place, Guo Shu died there.

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 巖 – see 岩 (“cliff; rock; stone; -ite; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 岩).

Compounds
  • 傅巖／傅岩
  • 千巖萬壑／千岩万壑
  • 千巖萬谷／千岩万谷
  • 千巖競秀／千岩竞秀
  • 峰巖／峰岩
  • 嵌巖／嵌岩
  • 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán)
  • 巖居穴處／岩居穴处
  • 巖居谷飲／岩居谷饮
  • 巖巉／岩巉 (yánchán)
  • 巖巖／岩岩 (yányán)
  • 巖徼／岩徼
  • 巖牆之下／岩墙之下
  • 巖石／岩石 (yánshí)
  • 巖穴／岩穴 (yánxué)
  • 巖穴之士／岩穴之士
  • 巖邑／岩邑 (yányì)
  • 巖郎／岩郎
  • 巖阻／岩阻
  • 巖陛／岩陛
  • 幽巖／幽岩
  • 幽棲巖谷／幽栖岩谷
  • 瘦巖巖／瘦岩岩
  • 絕巖／绝岩
  • 重巖疊嶂／重岩叠嶂
  • 靈巖／灵岩

References

Japanese

Shinjitai

 巌

Kyūjitai

 巖

Kanji
巖

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 巌)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

巖 • (am, eom) (hangeul 암, 엄, revised am, eom, McCune–Reischauer am, ŏm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

巖: Hán Nôm readings: nham

  1. same as nham 碞

Readings

References
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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