坦

坦 U+5766, 坦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5766
← 坥
[U+5765] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 坧 →
[U+5767]

Translingual

Han character

坦 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土日一 (GAM), four-corner 46110, composition ⿰土旦)

Derived characters
  • 𢯟, 𥂯

Further reading
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4971
  • Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 431, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5766

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 坦
alternative forms 憻

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
皽 *tjaʀ, *tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担 *taːnʔ
胆 *daːn, *daːn
疸 *taːnʔ, *taːns
觛 *taːnʔ, *taːns, *daːnʔ
亶 *taːnʔ
嬗 *taːnʔ, *tʰaːn, *djans
笪 *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
狚 *taːnʔ, *taːns, *taːd
旦 *taːns
鴠 *taːns
譠 *tʰaːn, *rteːn
坦 *tʰaːnʔ
但 *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns
檀 *daːn
壇 *daːn
儃 *daːn, *djan
驙 *daːn, *tan
袒 *daːnʔ, *rdeːns
襢 *daːnʔ, *tanʔ, *tans
繵 *daːnʔ
膻 *daːnʔ
澶 *daːns, *djan
邅 *tan, *danʔ, *dans
鱣 *tan
饘 *tjan, *tjanʔ
旜 *tjan
氈 *tjan
鸇 *tjan
顫 *tjans
蟺 *djanʔ
擅 *djans
羶 *hljan
呾 *taːd, *ʔraːd
怛 *taːd
妲 *taːd
靼 *taːd, *tjad
炟 *taːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːnʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns)

Pronunciation

Note:
  • thán - literary;
  • tháⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 坦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他旦切
Baxter thanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰanX/
Li
Rong		 /tʰɑnX/
Wang
Li		 /tʰɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 taan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 坦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thanX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tʰ]ˁa[n]ʔ/
English level, at ease

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 坦
Reading # 1/1
No. 2059
Phonetic
component		 旦
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 坦
Old
Chinese		 /*tʰaːnʔ/

Definitions

坦

  1. ⁜ flat; level; wide
    平坦  ―  píngtǎn  ―  level
  2. ⁜ calm; open-hearted; at ease
    坦然  ―  tǎnrán  ―  calm
  3. ⁜ honest; frank
    坦白  ―  tǎnbái  ―  honest; candid
    Synonym: 直率 (zhíshuài)
  4. † to reveal; to expose
  5. a surname

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
坦

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. flat; level; even

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
  • 坦懐(たんかい) (tankai)
  • 坦坦(たんたん), 坦々(たんたん) (tantan)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 坦 (MC thanX).

Hanja

Wikisource 坦 (eumhun 평평할 탄 (pyeongpyeonghal tan))

  1. Hanja form? of 탄 (“flat; level; even”).

Compounds
Compounds
  • 탄도 (坦道, tando)
  • 탄회 (坦懷, tanhoe)
  • 순탄 (順坦, suntan)
  • 평탄 (平坦, pyeongtan)

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

坦: Hán Việt readings: thản (儻(thảng)旱(hạn)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], thán[5]
坦: Nôm readings: đứt[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], đất[1][2][3][4][5][7], đắt[2][3][6][4][5][7], thản[2][6][4], đác[1], đởn[1], thán[1], đắn[2], đật[3], ngẩn[3], thưỡn[3]

Affix

坦 (thản)

  1. chữ Hán form of thản (“flat; level; wide”).
  2. chữ Hán form of thản (“calm; pleasant”).
Derived terms
Derived terms

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 怛 (đát). The 旦 element is a simplified form of 怛.

Noun

坦 • (đất)

  1. Nôm form of đất (“earth; soil; dirt”).
  2. Nôm form of đất (“land”).
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Derived terms

Verb

坦 • (đứt)

  1. Nôm form of đứt (“to break off; to be cut off”).

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Hồ (1976).
  7. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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