vihma
See also: Vihma
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *vihma (“rain”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋihmɑ/, [ˈʋiçmɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -ihmɑ
- Syllabification(key): vih‧ma
Declension
| Inflection of vihma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vihma | vihmat | ||
| genitive | vihman | vihmojen | ||
| partitive | vihmaa | vihmoja | ||
| illative | vihmaan | vihmoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | vihma | vihmat | ||
| accusative | nom. | vihma | vihmat | |
| gen. | vihman | |||
| genitive | vihman | vihmojen vihmainrare | ||
| partitive | vihmaa | vihmoja | ||
| inessive | vihmassa | vihmoissa | ||
| elative | vihmasta | vihmoista | ||
| illative | vihmaan | vihmoihin | ||
| adessive | vihmalla | vihmoilla | ||
| ablative | vihmalta | vihmoilta | ||
| allative | vihmalle | vihmoille | ||
| essive | vihmana | vihmoina | ||
| translative | vihmaksi | vihmoiksi | ||
| abessive | vihmatta | vihmoitta | ||
| instructive | — | vihmoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of vihma (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Further reading
- “vihma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋihmɑ/, [ˈʋihm]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋihmɑ/, [ˈʋihmɑ]
- Rhymes: -ihm, -ihmɑ
- Hyphenation: vih‧ma
Noun
vihma
- rain
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 30:
- Sattaa vihmaa.
- It's raining.
- (literally, “It is precipitating rain.”)
Declension
| Declension of vihma (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | vihma | vihmat |
| genitive | vihman | vihmiin |
| partitive | vihmaa | vihmia |
| illative | vihmaa | vihmii |
| inessive | vihmaas | vihmiis |
| elative | vihmast | vihmist |
| allative | vihmalle | vihmille |
| adessive | vihmaal | vihmiil |
| ablative | vihmalt | vihmilt |
| translative | vihmaks | vihmiks |
| essive | vihmanna, vihmaan | vihminna, vihmiin |
| exessive1) | vihmant | vihmint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
Karelian
| North Karelian (Viena) |
vihma |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) |
vihma |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈʋihmɑ/
- Hyphenation: vih‧ma
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of vihma (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | vihma | vihmat | |
| genitive | vihman | vihmojen | |
| partitive | vihmua | vihmoja | |
| illative | vihmah | vihmoih | |
| inessive | vihmašša | vihmoissa | |
| elative | vihmašta | vihmoista | |
| adessive | vihmalla | vihmoilla | |
| ablative | vihmalta | vihmoilta | |
| translative | vihmakši | vihmoiksi | |
| essive | vihmana | vihmoina | |
| comitative | — | vihmoineh | |
| abessive | vihmatta | vihmoitta | |
| Tver Karelian declension of vihma (type 4/kala no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | vihma | vihmat | |
| genitive | vihman | vihmoin | |
| partitive | vihmua | vihmoida | |
| illative | vihmah | vihmoih | |
| inessive | vihmašša | vihmoissa | |
| elative | vihmašta | vihmoista | |
| adessive | vihmalla | vihmoilla | |
| ablative | vihmalda | vihmoilda | |
| translative | vihmakši | vihmoiksi | |
| essive | vihmana | vihmoina | |
| comitative | vihmanke | vihmoinke | |
| abessive | vihmatta | vihmoitta | |
| Possessive forms of vihma | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | vihmani | |
| 2nd person | vihmaš | |
| 3rd person | vihmah | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||
Synonyms
- (North Karelian) šaje
Derived terms
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “vihma”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “vihma”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
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